The nurse assesses patients to determine their risk for healthcare acquired infections. Which hospitalized patient would the nurse consider most at risk for developing this type of infection?

A 60 year old patient who is on a mechanical ventilator

A 65 year old patient who is vegetarian and obese

A 45 year old patient who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day

A 70 year old patient who has a normal WBC count

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. A 60 year old patient who is on a mechanical ventilator: This patient is at the highest risk for healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) due to the use of mechanical ventilation. Ventilated patients are susceptible to ventilator-associated pneumonia and other respiratory infections, making them more vulnerable to HAIs.

B. A 65 year old patient who is vegetarian and obese: While obesity can increase the risk for certain complications, being vegetarian does not inherently increase the risk for HAIs. This patient may have some risk factors, but they are not as significant as those associated with mechanical ventilation.

C. A 45 year old patient who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day: Smoking is a risk factor for various health issues, including respiratory infections, but it does not specifically correlate with a higher risk of HAIs in a hospitalized setting compared to a patient on a mechanical ventilator.

D. A 70 year old patient who has a normal WBC count: Although older age can increase the risk for infections, a normal white blood cell count indicates a functioning immune response. Without additional risk factors, this patient would not be considered the most at risk for developing HAIs compared to a ventilated patient.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Droplet: Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Therefore, droplet precautions are necessary to prevent the spread of the infection to others. This includes wearing a surgical mask when within 3 feet of the client and ensuring the client wears a mask when outside of their room.

B. Contact: Contact precautions are used for infections that can be spread through direct or indirect contact with the patient or contaminated surfaces. While there may be some overlap, contact precautions are not the primary focus for pertussis transmission.

C. Protective: Protective precautions (also known as reverse isolation) are utilized to protect immunocompromised patients from infections. This is not applicable for a patient with pertussis, as the focus is on preventing the spread of the infection rather than protecting the patient from pathogens.

D. Airborne: Airborne precautions are used for infections that are transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei, such as tuberculosis or measles. Pertussis does not fall under this category, as it is primarily transmitted through larger respiratory droplets.

E. Full semen: This option is not a recognized type of precaution. The correct term should focus on standard and transmission-based precautions relevant to infectious diseases.

A. Interpersonal B. Intrapersonal C. Group D. Small group

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Interpersonal: The nurse is engaging in interpersonal communication during the admission health history and physical assessment. This form of communication occurs between two individuals and involves a direct exchange of information, thoughts, and feelings. The nurse and the patient interact in a one-on-one setting to gather health information and build rapport.

B. Intrapersonal: Intrapersonal communication refers to communication that occurs within an individual, such as self-talk or internal dialogue. This is not the form of communication used during the nurse's interaction with the patient.

C. Group: Group communication involves interactions among multiple individuals, such as a discussion or meeting with several participants. This does not apply to the nurse's one-on-one interview with the patient.

D. Small group: Small group communication typically involves a few people discussing or working together on a task or topic. Although the nurse may participate in small group discussions, the specific interaction during the admission assessment is classified as interpersonal communication.

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The nurse assesses patients to determine their risk for healthcare acquired infections. Which hospitalized patient would the nurse consider most at risk for developing this type of infection?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is admitting a client who has pertussis. Which of the following types of transmission-based precautions should the nurse initiate?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which form of communication is the nurse using when interviewing the patient during the admission health history and physical assessment?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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