The nurse assesses patients to determine their risk for healthcare acquired infections. Which hospitalized patient would the nurse consider most at risk for developing this type of infection?

A 60 year old patient who is on a mechanical ventilator

A 65 year old patient who is vegetarian and obese

A 45 year old patient who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day

A 70 year old patient who has a normal WBC count

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. A 60 year old patient who is on a mechanical ventilator: This patient is at the highest risk for healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) due to the use of mechanical ventilation. Ventilated patients are susceptible to ventilator-associated pneumonia and other respiratory infections, making them more vulnerable to HAIs.

B. A 65 year old patient who is vegetarian and obese: While obesity can increase the risk for certain complications, being vegetarian does not inherently increase the risk for HAIs. This patient may have some risk factors, but they are not as significant as those associated with mechanical ventilation.

C. A 45 year old patient who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day: Smoking is a risk factor for various health issues, including respiratory infections, but it does not specifically correlate with a higher risk of HAIs in a hospitalized setting compared to a patient on a mechanical ventilator.

D. A 70 year old patient who has a normal WBC count: Although older age can increase the risk for infections, a normal white blood cell count indicates a functioning immune response. Without additional risk factors, this patient would not be considered the most at risk for developing HAIs compared to a ventilated patient.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. 212: Room 212 is a semi-private, positive-pressure airflow room. Positive-pressure rooms are used for patients who are immunocompromised to prevent outside pathogens from entering, which would not be suitable for a client with a productive cough and a positive Mantoux test, as this indicates a risk for tuberculosis (TB) transmission.

B. 214: Room 214 is a semi-private, negative-pressure room. While negative-pressure rooms are suitable for clients with infectious diseases like TB, the semi-private setup may not be appropriate due to the potential for airborne transmission to another patient.

C. 208: Room 208 is a private, negative-pressure airflow room. This is the most appropriate assignment for the client with a productive cough and a positive Mantoux test, as negative-pressure rooms help contain airborne pathogens and prevent their spread to other areas. The private setting also reduces the risk of exposing other patients to potential infection.

D. 216: Room 216 is a private, positive-pressure airflow room. Similar to Room 212, this type of room is designed to protect immunocompromised patients rather than those with infectious diseases like TB. Assigning the client to this room would increase the risk of transmission to healthcare workers and other patients.

A. Convey empathy for a client who voices painful emotions. B. Show respect for a client who is making decisions about treatment. C. Exhibit receptive body language when discussing difficult topics. D. Speak to a client using clear and simple words and phrases. E. Interrupt a client when they are verbalizing feelings of worthlessness. Cross both arms across the chest when speaking with an angry client.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Convey empathy for a client who voices painful emotions: Demonstrating empathy is essential for building trust and rapport with clients. Acknowledging and validating a client's feelings can enhance communication and provide emotional support during difficult times.

B. Show respect for a client who is making decisions about treatment: Respecting a client's autonomy and their ability to make informed decisions about their treatment is vital in healthcare communication. This approach fosters a collaborative relationship and encourages clients to engage in their care.

C. Exhibit receptive body language when discussing difficult topics: Nonverbal communication plays a significant role in how messages are received. Exhibiting open and receptive body language, such as maintaining eye contact and adopting an open posture, can help create a supportive environment for discussing challenging subjects.

D. Speak to a client using clear and simple words and phrases: Using clear and straightforward language is important for ensuring that clients understand information about their care. Avoiding jargon and complex terminology can help facilitate effective communication, particularly with clients who may have limited health literacy.

E. Interrupt a client when they are verbalizing feelings of worthlessness. Cross both arms across the chest when speaking with an angry client: Interrupting a client can be disrespectful and hinder effective communication. Additionally, crossing arms may be perceived as defensive or closed-off body language, which can escalate tensions rather than promote open dialogue. These actions do not contribute to enhancing communication with clients.

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