The nurse caring for a toddler who is diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism. Which of the following developmental delays should the nurse recognize as the priority concern if the condition is left untreated?
Delayed cognitive abilities
Delayed social interactions
Delayed language development
Delayed motor skills
The Correct Answer is A
A. Delayed cognitive abilities. Cognitive impairment is the most serious consequence of untreated congenital hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones are critical for brain development, especially in infancy and early childhood. Severe intellectual disability can result if treatment is delayed, making early diagnosis and levothyroxine therapy essential.
B. Delayed social interactions. While social development may be indirectly affected by hypothyroidism due to lethargy, poor responsiveness, or developmental delays, it is not as critical as cognitive delays, which can lead to permanent intellectual disability.
C. Delayed language development. Language delays are common in hypothyroidism but often stem from underlying cognitive impairment. Early treatment with thyroid hormone replacement can improve language development over time.
D. Delayed motor skills. Hypothyroidism can cause hypotonia (low muscle tone), leading to motor skill delays. However, motor delays are less concerning than irreversible cognitive impairment, which has the most significant long-term impact on the child's quality of life.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Anencephaly affects male fetuses more than female fetuses." Anencephaly occurs more frequently in female fetuses than in males. Studies suggest a slightly higher prevalence in female infants, though the exact reason is unclear.
B. "Cancer during pregnancy is a risk factor for anencephaly." There is no known link between cancer during pregnancy and anencephaly. The primary risk factors include folic acid deficiency, maternal diabetes, and exposure to teratogens (e.g., certain medications, high temperatures, or environmental toxins).
C. "These defects occur in the embryonic stage of pregnancy." Anencephaly is a neural tube defect (NTD) that occurs during the embryonic stage, specifically between weeks 3 and 4 of gestation. During this period, the neural tube fails to close properly, leading to incomplete development of the brain and skull.
D. "Most newborns who have anencephaly survive 1 month." Anencephaly is almost always fatal, with most affected newborns dying within hours to days after birth. There is no cure, and long-term survival is extremely rare due to the severe brain malformation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Leukocytes. Leukocytes (white blood cells) are involved in the immune response and are not the primary cells affected in testicular cancer. Cancers of leukocytes include leukemia and lymphoma, not testicular cancer.
B. Germ cells. This is correct. Testicular cancer most commonly arises from germ cells, which are the cells responsible for producing sperm. Germ cell tumors (GCTs) account for over 90% of testicular cancers, including seminomas and non-seminomas.
C. Epithelial cells. Epithelial cells line various tissues and organs, but they are not the primary source of testicular cancer. Epithelial cell cancers, like carcinomas, more commonly affect the skin, lungs, and digestive tract.
D. Lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune system. Testicular lymphoma can occur but is rare compared to germ cell tumors, which are the most frequent type of testicular cancer in adolescents and young adults.
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