The nurse educates a patient diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI) that adequate fluid intake provides what benefit?
Creatinine levels are more stable but unpredictably useful.
Kidneys are less irritable, but bacteria has time to colonize and multiply.
Hydration status is not beneficial but may help if combined with high caloric intake.
Dilutes urine and often flushes out bacteria before colonization.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
While fluid intake influences kidney function, directly stating creatinine levels become more stable yet unpredictably useful is not the primary benefit related to UTI. Creatinine levels reflect kidney function and are typically stable within a normal range (0.6-1.2 mg/dL) but are not directly stabilized by hydration in the context of UTI prevention.
Choice B rationale
Increased fluid intake does not make kidneys less irritable; rather, it helps to dilute the urine. Allowing bacteria to colonize and multiply is the opposite effect of adequate hydration in a UTI context. Hydration actively works to prevent bacterial stasis and proliferation, not encourage it.
Choice C rationale
Stating hydration status is not beneficial is scientifically incorrect in the context of urinary tract health and UTIs. Hydration is a cornerstone of UTI management and prevention. High caloric intake is unrelated to the primary benefit of fluid intake for UTIs and does not enhance the flushing mechanism.
Choice D rationale
Adequate fluid intake increases urine production, which in turn dilutes the concentration of bacteria and their adherence factors in the bladder. This increased urine volume promotes frequent voiding, mechanically flushing out bacteria from the urinary tract before they can adhere to the bladder wall and establish a significant infection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Ciprofloxacin absorption can be significantly impaired by antacids containing aluminum, magnesium, or calcium. These antacids bind to ciprofloxacin, forming insoluble complexes that reduce the antibiotic's bioavailability, thus diminishing its effectiveness in treating the infection.
Choice B rationale
Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, carries a black box warning for increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture. Patients should be instructed to monitor for tendon pain, especially in the Achilles tendon, and report it immediately to prevent severe and permanent injury.
Choice C rationale
Limiting fluid intake is contraindicated when taking ciprofloxacin for a UTI. Adequate hydration is crucial to help flush bacteria from the urinary tract and prevent crystalluria, a potential side effect where drug crystals form in the urine, which can lead to kidney damage.
Choice D rationale
Ciprofloxacin does not typically cause urine to turn dark orange. This side effect is more commonly associated with other medications, such as rifampin or phenazopyridine (a urinary analgesic), and is not an expected or normal finding when taking ciprofloxacin.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
As individuals age, the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine declines due to structural and functional changes in the renal tubules and collecting ducts, including decreased response to antidiuretic hormone. This diminished concentrating ability often leads to an increased excretion of dilute urine, rather than enhanced concentration.
Choice B rationale
Normal physiological changes of aging affecting the urinary system include decreased bladder capacity, decreased bladder muscle tone, and increased involuntary bladder contractions. These changes often result in symptoms such as urinary frequency (more frequent voiding), urgency (sudden strong urge to void), and nocturia (waking up at night to urinate).
Choice C rationale
In healthy adults, the kidneys are typically not easily palpable unless they are enlarged due to pathology, such as polycystic kidney disease or hydronephrosis. Normal kidneys are protected by the lower ribs and posterior abdominal muscles, making deep palpation challenging for identification of normal size.
Choice D rationale
While some older adults may experience increased urinary incontinence due to age-related changes or comorbidities, it is not an inevitable outcome of aging that all patients will require wearing a brief at all times. Many older adults maintain continence with proper management, exercise, and lifestyle modifications, thus avoiding dependence on briefs.
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