The nurse educates a patient diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI) that adequate fluid intake provides what benefit?
Creatinine levels are more stable but unpredictably useful.
Kidneys are less irritable, but bacteria has time to colonize and multiply.
Hydration status is not beneficial but may help if combined with high caloric intake.
Dilutes urine and often flushes out bacteria before colonization.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
While fluid intake influences kidney function, directly stating creatinine levels become more stable yet unpredictably useful is not the primary benefit related to UTI. Creatinine levels reflect kidney function and are typically stable within a normal range (0.6-1.2 mg/dL) but are not directly stabilized by hydration in the context of UTI prevention.
Choice B rationale
Increased fluid intake does not make kidneys less irritable; rather, it helps to dilute the urine. Allowing bacteria to colonize and multiply is the opposite effect of adequate hydration in a UTI context. Hydration actively works to prevent bacterial stasis and proliferation, not encourage it.
Choice C rationale
Stating hydration status is not beneficial is scientifically incorrect in the context of urinary tract health and UTIs. Hydration is a cornerstone of UTI management and prevention. High caloric intake is unrelated to the primary benefit of fluid intake for UTIs and does not enhance the flushing mechanism.
Choice D rationale
Adequate fluid intake increases urine production, which in turn dilutes the concentration of bacteria and their adherence factors in the bladder. This increased urine volume promotes frequent voiding, mechanically flushing out bacteria from the urinary tract before they can adhere to the bladder wall and establish a significant infection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Mobility is a critical subscale in the Braden Scale. It assesses the patient's ability to change and control body position independently. Impaired mobility significantly increases the risk of prolonged pressure on specific body areas, leading to tissue ischemia and subsequent pressure injury development.
Choice B rationale
Pain is not a direct subscale in the Braden Scale. While pain can indirectly affect mobility and activity levels, it is not one of the six core parameters used to quantify the risk of pressure injury development according to the established framework of the Braden Scale, which focuses on extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting skin integrity.
Choice C rationale
Nutrition is a key subscale in the Braden Scale. It evaluates the patient's usual food intake pattern. Adequate nutrition, particularly protein and calories, is essential for maintaining tissue integrity and promoting wound healing. Malnutrition compromises skin resilience and repair mechanisms.
Choice D rationale
Sensory perception is a vital subscale in the Braden Scale. It measures the patient's ability to respond meaningfully to pressure-related discomfort. Patients with impaired sensory perception may not perceive pressure or pain, failing to shift their weight and thus increasing their risk for tissue damage.
Choice E rationale
Moisture is a crucial subscale in the Braden Scale. It assesses the degree to which skin is exposed to moisture, such as urine, feces, or perspiration. Prolonged exposure to moisture macerates the skin, making it more fragile and susceptible to breakdown from friction and shear forces.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Palpating along the lumbar vertebral column primarily assesses for spinal tenderness or musculoskeletal issues, not specifically kidney inflammation. The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs, and direct palpation of the lumbar area might not elicit specific tenderness related to pyelonephritis, which involves renal parenchymal inflammation.
Choice B rationale
Striking a flat hand covering the costovertebral angle (CVA) elicits pain if the kidney capsule is inflamed, a classic sign of pyelonephritis. This maneuver, known as CVA tenderness, directly assesses for inflammation of the renal parenchyma or surrounding structures, which become sensitive to percussion with infection.
Choice C rationale
Pushing fingers upward into the two lowest intercostal spaces would primarily assess for liver or spleen enlargement, or tenderness related to the lower ribs, not directly for kidney tenderness. The kidneys are situated more posteriorly and superiorly, making this approach less effective for assessing pyelonephritis.
Choice D rationale
Percussing between the iliac crest and ribs at the midaxillary line targets the flank area but is not the most precise method for assessing kidney tenderness. While it's in the general vicinity, the CVA percussion directly overlies the kidney and is a more specific and sensitive maneuver for pyelonephritis.
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