The nurse encounters a client crying in her room. Upon talking to the client, it is discovered that she is upset because a new nursing assistant made her go out for a walk with the group even though the client informed her that she waits for her daughter to go for her walk. This is a potential violation of which ethical principle?

A. Dementia is not typically caused by sudden environmental changes. Instead, it is a chronic condition that develops gradually over time due to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, or Lewy body dementia.
B. Dementia is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive function, including memory, thinking, and reasoning skills. The progression of dementia is typically slow and leads to worsening symptoms over time. Currently, most types of dementia are considered irreversible, meaning that the damage to the brain is not reversible and the condition will continue to progress.
C. Dementia is a progressive condition that develops gradually, often over months or years. It is not characterized by a sudden onset. Sudden onset of cognitive symptoms is more indicative of delirium, which can be caused by acute medical conditions or other factors.
D. Dementia generally does not involve an altered level of consciousness. Instead, it primarily affects cognitive functions such as memory, reasoning, and orientation while consciousness remains clear.

A. Providing companionship can help reduce feelings of isolation and agitation that may be exacerbated by sundown syndrome. Presence and interaction with a supportive person can provide comfort, reassurance, and a sense of security, which may help manage anxiety and agitation during the late hours.
B. Engaging in stimulating activities in the late afternoon or evening can sometimes worsen symptoms of sundown syndrome. Instead, activities should be calming and relaxing as excessive stimulation can
increase agitation and confusion. It’s better to plan stimulating activities earlier in the day.
C. Maintaining a familiar routine helps provide structure and predictability, which can be comforting for individuals with dementia. Consistent routines can help reduce confusion and anxiety, especially during the times when sundown syndrome symptoms are most pronounced.
D. While reminding the client about bedtime may seem like a good strategy, it can sometimes lead to frustration or increased agitation if the client is not ready for sleep or is confused. It is generally more effective to create a calming environment and use soothing routines rather than directly reminding the client of bedtime.
E. Reducing environmental stimulation, such as minimizing noise, bright lights, and other distractions, can help create a calm and peaceful environment. This approach can help prevent overstimulation, which is known to exacerbate sundown syndrome symptoms.