The nurse has reviewed the nurses’ notes, provider’s note, and laboratory results at 0230.
For each client’s finding, specify if the finding is consistent with delirium or Alzheimer’s disease. Each finding may support more than one disease process or none at all. There must be at least one selection in every column. There does not need to be a selection in every row.
Sudden onset of confusion
Hallucinations
Agitation
Current medical diagnosis
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A,B"},"C":{"answers":"A,B"},"D":{"answers":"A"}}
a. Sudden onset of confusion
Delirium: Yes. Sudden onset of confusion is a common symptom of delirium, which can develop over hours or days.
Alzheimer’s disease: No. Alzheimer’s disease typically involves a gradual decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning skills.
b. Hallucinations
Delirium: Yes. Hallucinations are a symptom of delirium.
Alzheimer’s disease: Yes. While not as common, hallucinations can occur in later stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
c. Agitation
Delirium: Yes. Agitation is a common symptom of delirium.
Alzheimer’s disease: Yes. Agitation can occur in Alzheimer’s disease, particularly in the middle and later stages.
d. Current medical diagnosis
Delirium: Yes. The client’s current diagnosis is delirium secondary to a urinary tract infection and dehydration.
Alzheimer’s disease: No. The client’s current diagnosis does not indicate Alzheimer’s disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Decreased fear of heights is not a typical outcome of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). ECT is primarily used to treat severe mental health conditions such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and certain forms of schizophrenia. Phobias, such as a fear of heights, are generally treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or other forms of psychotherapy rather than ECT.
Choice B Reason:
Reduced frequency of seizures is not an expected outcome of ECT. In fact, ECT intentionally induces controlled seizures as part of the treatment process. The therapeutic effects of ECT are believed to result from these induced seizures, which can help alleviate symptoms of severe mental health conditions. Therefore, a reduction in seizure frequency would not indicate the effectiveness of ECT.
Choice C Reason:
Improvement in manifestations of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is not a primary indication for ECT. While ECT can be used in some cases of severe mental health conditions, it is not typically used to treat BPD. The primary treatments for BPD include psychotherapy, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and medications to manage specific symptoms.
Choice D Reason:
Improvement in manifestations of depression is a key indicator of the effectiveness of ECT. ECT is highly effective in treating severe depression, especially in cases where other treatments have failed. It can lead to significant improvements in mood, energy levels, and overall functioning. Studies have shown that ECT has a high success rate in reducing depressive symptoms and improving the quality of life for individuals with treatment-resistant depression.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. Clients with this disorder do not typically experience sensory impairments as a direct result of their condition. The primary concerns with narcissistic personality disorder involve interpersonal relationships and self-esteem issues rather than sensory deficits.
Choice B Reason:
Conversion disorder, also known as functional neurological symptom disorder, involves neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by medical or neurological conditions. These symptoms can include sensory impairments such as blindness, deafness, or loss of sensation. Assessing clients with conversion disorder for sensory impairments is crucial because these symptoms are a key feature of the disorder. The nurse should evaluate the client's sensory function to provide appropriate care and support.
Choice C Reason:
Mild anxiety disorder typically involves symptoms such as excessive worry, restlessness, and physical symptoms like increased heart rate or muscle tension. Sensory impairments are not a common feature of mild anxiety disorder. While anxiety can affect perception and concentration, it does not usually lead to sensory deficits. The nurse should focus on managing anxiety symptoms rather than assessing for sensory impairments.
Choice D Reason:
Severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involves intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). While OCD can significantly impact a client's daily functioning and quality of life, it does not typically cause sensory impairments. The primary focus for clients with severe OCD should be on managing obsessions and compulsions through therapy and medication.
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