The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

Age

Competent immune function

Genetic heritage

Previous medication reactions.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

This is because antibiotics act synergistically with the immune system to subdue infection, and it is critical for success that the host defenses are adequate.

Choice A is wrong because Age is wrong because age is a general factor that must be considered when choosing any medication, not just antimicrobials.

Choice C is wrong because Genetic heritage is wrong because genetic heritage is also a general factor that may affect the metabolism and excretion of medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Choice D is wrong because Previous medication reactions is wrong because previous medication reactions are also a general factor that may indicate allergies or intolerances to certain medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Normal ranges for immune function vary depending on the type and level of immunity measured, such as innate, adaptive, humoral or cellular immunity. Some common tests for immune function include complete blood count (CBC), immunoglobulin levels, complement levels, antibody titers and skin tests.

Normal ranges for these tests depend on the laboratory and the method used, but some examples are:

• CBC: white blood cell count 4.5-11 x 10^9/L; neutrophils 40-75%; lymphocytes 20-50%; monocytes 2-10%; eosinophils 1-6%; basophils 0-2%.

• Immunoglobulin levels: IgG 7-16 g/L; IgA 0.7-4 g/L; IgM 0.4-2.3 g/L; IgE 0-0.4 g/L.

• Complement levels: C3 0.9-1.8 g

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.Penicillin is one of the most common causes of anaphylaxis.Symptoms of anaphylaxis include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, throat, or tongue, hives, itching, low blood pressure, and shock.

Choice A is wrong because hypokalemia (low potassium levels in the blood) is not a common or serious side effect of penicillin therapy.Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness, cramps, irregular heartbeat, and fatigue.

Choice B is wrong because hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) is not a common or serious side effect of penicillin therapy.Hyperglycemia can cause thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, and headaches.

Choice D is wrong because constipation is not a common or serious side effect of penicillin therapy.Constipation can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and difficulty passing stools.

A. Resistant infection B. Superinfection C. Nosocomial infection D. Allergic reaction.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A superinfection is defined as an infection that comes second to an initial infection and is often caused by the elimination of normal flora by an antibiotic.

Normal flora are the microorganisms that normally live in the human body and help prevent the growth of harmful pathogens.

When an antibiotic kills the normal flora, it creates an opportunity for other microorganisms to overgrow and cause a new infection.

Choice A is wrong because a resistant infection is an infection that does not respond to an antibiotic due to the presence of resistant bacteria.

Resistance can occur when bacteria mutate or acquire genes that make them able to survive the antibiotic.

Choice C is wrong because a nosocomial infection is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or health care setting.

Nosocomial infections can be caused by various factors, such as exposure to contaminated equipment, poor hygiene practices, or transmission from other patients or staff.

Choice D is wrong because an allergic reaction is an immune response to a foreign substance that is not harmful.

Allergic reactions can occur when a person is sensitive to an antibiotic or any other drug.

Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.

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The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is administering penicillin to a client who has streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect of penicillin therapy?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The development of a new infection as a result of the elimination of normal flora by an antibiotic is referred to as what?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a severe infection and is receiving vancomycin (Vancocin). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations of ototoxicity?

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