The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

Age

Competent immune function

Genetic heritage

Previous medication reactions.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

This is because antibiotics act synergistically with the immune system to subdue infection, and it is critical for success that the host defenses are adequate.

Choice A is wrong because Age is wrong because age is a general factor that must be considered when choosing any medication, not just antimicrobials.

Choice C is wrong because Genetic heritage is wrong because genetic heritage is also a general factor that may affect the metabolism and excretion of medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Choice D is wrong because Previous medication reactions is wrong because previous medication reactions are also a general factor that may indicate allergies or intolerances to certain medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Normal ranges for immune function vary depending on the type and level of immunity measured, such as innate, adaptive, humoral or cellular immunity. Some common tests for immune function include complete blood count (CBC), immunoglobulin levels, complement levels, antibody titers and skin tests.

Normal ranges for these tests depend on the laboratory and the method used, but some examples are:

• CBC: white blood cell count 4.5-11 x 10^9/L; neutrophils 40-75%; lymphocytes 20-50%; monocytes 2-10%; eosinophils 1-6%; basophils 0-2%.

• Immunoglobulin levels: IgG 7-16 g/L; IgA 0.7-4 g/L; IgM 0.4-2.3 g/L; IgE 0-0.4 g/L.

• Complement levels: C3 0.9-1.8 g

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Ceftriaxone belongs to the third-generation of cephalosporins.Third-generation cephalosporins have greater activity than the second-generation cephalosporins against certain gram-negative bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.They are also more resistant to beta-lactamases, enzymes that can inactivate some cephalosporins.

Choice A is wrong because first-generation cephalosporins have less activity against gram-negative bacteria and are more susceptible to beta-lactamases.

Choice B is wrong because second-generation cephalosporins have less activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae than third-generation cephalosporins, and are also less resistant to beta-lactamases.

Choice D is wrong because fourth-generation cephalosporins have a broader spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria, including some that are resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, but they are not more effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

A. Liver function tests B. Renal function tests C. Blood pressure D. Complete blood count E. Electrocardiogram.

Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

Flucytosine can cause bone marrow suppression and renal toxicity, so the nurse should monitor the client’s renal function tests and complete blood count before giving this medication.

These tests can help detect any signs of anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or impaired kidney function that may require dose adjustment or discontinuation of the drug.

Choice A is wrong because flucytosine does not affect liver function significantly.Choice C is wrong because flucytosine does not cause changes in blood pressure.Choice E is wrong because flucytosine does not affect cardiac function or cause arrhythmias.

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The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer ceftriaxone (Rocephin) to a client who has pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The nurse should recognize that ceftriaxone belongs to which generation of cephalosporins?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer flucytosine to a client who has a systemic fungal infection. Which of the following assessments should the nurse perform before giving this medication? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

Which of the following antiviral medications inhibits neuraminidase enzyme?

A nurse is teaching a client who has tuberculosis about the prescribed drug regimen, which includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The nurse should instruct the client to report which signs or symptoms as possible adverse effects of these drugs? (Select all that apply.)

The development of a new infection as a result of the elimination of normal flora by an antibiotic is referred to as what?

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, for a severe infection. The nurse should monitor the client for which adverse effects of this drug? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has a fungal infection and is receiving itraconazole therapy. Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a potential adverse effect of this medication?

A nurse is administering tetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, to a patient who has acne vulgaris. The nurse should monitor the patient for which of the following adverse effects of this medication? (Select all that apply.)

Which statement is true regarding narrow spectrum antibiotics?

A nurse is educating a client who has a respiratory infection and a new prescription for azithromycin (Zithromax). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply).