Which antibiotics are classified as concentration-dependent antimicrobials?

Ciprofloxacin

Imipenem

Penicillin V

Metronidazole

Gentamicin.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is E

Gentamicin is an example of a concentration-dependent antimicrobial, which means that it achieves increasing bacterial kill with increasing levels of drug. The peak concentration and the area under the concentration curve (AUC) determine the efficacy of these antibiotics. Other examples of concentration-dependent antimicrobials include fluoroquinolones, daptomycin, aminoglycosides, and amphotericin

Choice A is wrong because ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone, which is also a concentration-dependent antimicrobial.

Choice B is wrong because imipenem is a carbapenem, which is a type of beta-lactam antibiotic. Beta-lactams are time-dependent antimicrobials, which means that their bactericidal activity depends on the duration of the effective concentration.

Choice C is wrong because penicillin V is another type of beta-lactam antibiotic, which is also a time-dependent antimicrobial.

Choice D is wrong because metronidazole is a bactericidal agent that has both time- and concentration-dependent properties. However, it is not classified as a concentration-dependent antimicrobial according to the AMEG categorization of antibiotics in the European Union.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because antibiotics act synergistically with the immune system to subdue infection, and it is critical for success that the host defenses are adequate.

Choice A is wrong becauseAge is wrong because age is a general factor that must be considered when choosing any medication, not just antimicrobials.

Choice C is wrong becauseGenetic heritage is wrong because genetic heritage is also a general factor that may affect the metabolism and excretion of medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Choice D is wrong becausePrevious medication reactions is wrong because previous medication reactions are also a general factor that may indicate allergies or intolerances to certain medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Normal ranges for immune function vary depending on the type and level of immunity measured, such as innate, adaptive, humoral or cellular immunity.Some common tests for immune function include complete blood count (CBC), immunoglobulin levels, complement levels, antibody titers and skin tests.

Normal ranges for these tests depend on the laboratory and the method used, but some examples are:

• CBC: white blood cell count 4.5-11 x 10^9/L; neutrophils 40-75%; lymphocytes 20-50%; monocytes 2-10%; eosinophils 1-6%; basophils 0-2%.

• Immunoglobulin levels: IgG 7-16 g/L; IgA 0.7-4 g/L; IgM 0.4-2.3 g/L; IgE 0-0.4 g/L.

• Complement levels: C3 0.9-1.8 g

A. Elevated serum creatinine level B. Decreased serum potassium level C. Increased serum glucose level D. Decreased white blood cell count.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is because itraconazole can cause renal impairment and decreased urine output as an adverse effect.A normal serum creatinine level is 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for males and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for females.

Choice B is wrong because decreased serum potassium level is not an adverse effect of itraconazole.Itraconazole can cause hypokalemia, which is a low level of potassium in the blood, but this is usually due to fluid retention and heart failure caused by the drug.A normal serum potassium level is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.

Choice C is wrong because increased serum glucose level is not an adverse effect of itraconazole.Itraconazole can cause hyperglycemia, which is a high level of glucose in the blood, but this is usually due to diabetes mellitus or steroid use in patients taking the drug.A normal serum glucose level is 70 to 100 mg/dL.

Choice D is wrong because decreased white blood cell count is not an adverse effect of itraconazole.Itraconazole can cause leukopenia, which is a low level of white blood cells in the blood, but this is usually due to bone marrow suppression or infection in patients taking the drug.A normal white blood cell count is 4,500 to 11,000 cells/mm3.

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Which antibiotics are classified as concentration-dependent antimicrobials?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has a fungal infection and is receiving itraconazole therapy. Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a potential adverse effect of this medication?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has tuberculosis and is prescribed rifampin, an antitubercular drug. The nurse should instruct the client about which potential side effect of rifampin?

A nurse is educating a client who has a respiratory infection and a new prescription for azithromycin (Zithromax). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply).

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, for a severe infection. The nurse should monitor the client for which adverse effects of this drug? (Select all that apply.)

The development of a new infection as a result of the elimination of normal flora by an antibiotic is referred to as what?

A nurse is caring for a client who has oral candidiasis and is prescribed nystatin suspension. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is preparing to administer vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, to a client with a severe infection caused by Clostridium difficile. The nurse should select all that apply:

Which antibiotics are classified as concentration-dependent antimicrobials?

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving vancomycin (Vancocin) for treatment of an infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which assessment finding would indicate a potentially serious adverse reaction to this drug?