The nurse includes which of the following as an appropriately constructed goal statement for the client with COPD?

Patient will exhibit O2 saturation > 92% by discharge.

Teach pursed-lip breathing prior to discharge.

Patient will state 2 ways to decrease chance of reinfection by the end of shift.

Patient will demonstrate pursed-lip breathing.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

This is an appropriately constructed goal statement for the client with COPD because it is specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-bound (SMART). It also addresses the client’s education needs and promotes self-care.

Choice A is wrong because it is not realistic or attainable for a client with COPD to have O2 saturation > 92% by discharge.

The normal range for O2 saturation is 95-100%, but clients with COPD may have lower levels due to chronic hypoxia.

Choice B is wrong because it is not a goal statement, but an intervention.

A goal statement should describe the expected outcome of the intervention, not the intervention itself.

Choice D is wrong because it is not measurable or time-bound.

A goal statement should have a clear indicator of how and when the outcome will be achieved.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

This is because the fight-or-flight response activates the sympathetic nervous system, which causes the pupils to dilate to allow more light and improve vision.

Choice A is wrong because the fight-or-flight response increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and increasing heart rate.

Choice B is wrong because the fight-or-flight response causes bronchial airway dilation to allow more oxygen intake and facilitate breathing.

Choice C is wrong because the fight-or-flight response causes hyperglycemia by stimulating the release of glucose from the liver and muscles to provide energy.

Normal ranges for blood pressure are 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg, for blood glucose are 70 mg/dL to 100 mg/dL, and for pupil size are 2 mm to 6 mm.

A. An influenza vaccine. B. A broad-spectrum antibiotic. C. A bronchodilator. D. A corticosteroid.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is because people with COPD are more likely to catch respiratory infections such as colds, flu and pneumonia, which can worsen their symptoms and cause further lung damage. An influenza vaccine can help prevent flu and reduce the risk of complications.

Choice B. A broad-spectrum antibiotic is wrong because antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections, not viral ones. Antibiotics are usually prescribed for COPD exacerbations caused by bacterial infections, but not for prevention.

Choice C. A bronchodilator is wrong because bronchodilators are medications that relax the muscles around the airways and make breathing easier. They are used to treat the symptoms of COPD, but they do not prevent respiratory infections.

Choice D. A corticosteroid is wrong because corticosteroids are anti inflammatory drugs that reduce swelling and mucus production in the airways. They are also used to treat the symptoms of COPD, but they do not prevent respiratory infections. In fact, long-term use of corticosteroids may increase the risk of infections by suppressing the immune system.

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The nurse includes which of the following as an appropriately constructed goal statement for the client with COPD?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about physical manifestations associated with the fight-or-flight response to stress. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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