The nurse is asked to describe what the heart sound S2 represents. What would be the correct response by the nurse?

Closure of the pulmonic and mitral valves

Closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves

Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

Closure of the aortic and mitral valves

Closure of the pulmonic and tricuspid valves

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. The closure of the pulmonic and mitral valves corresponds to heart sound S1, not S2.
B. The tricuspid and mitral valves close with S1.
C. Heart sound S2 represents the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves, signaling the end of systole and the beginning of diastole.
D. The mitral valve closes with S1, not S2.
E. The pulmonic and tricuspid valves do not correspond with S2.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A respiratory rate of 20 is within the normal range for adults (12-20 breaths per minute), especially in someone experiencing dyspnea.
B. Vesicular sounds in the lung periphery are normal findings, particularly in healthy lung areas.
C. A capillary refill time of 5 seconds indicates poor perfusion and could suggest systemic issues or hypoxia, which is concerning in a patient with dyspnea.
D. An anteroposterior (AP) diameter of 1:2 is normal; a barrel chest might indicate chronic respiratory conditions but is not an immediate concern in this context.
E. Equal chest expansion is a normal finding and indicates effective respiratory mechanics.

A. Posterior to anterior comparison B. Side-to-side comparison C. Interspace-by-interspace comparison D. Proximal to distal comparison E. Top-to-Bottom comparison

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While posterior to anterior comparisons are used, they do not encompass the entire technique for auscultation.
B. Side-to-side comparison is the correct method as it allows for immediate assessment of differences between lung fields and helps to identify abnormal sounds effectively.
C. Interspace-by-interspace comparison is not a commonly recognized term for this method and can lead to confusion in technique.
D. Proximal to distal comparison is not specific to lung auscultation and does not effectively apply to lung assessment.
E. Top-to-bottom comparison may miss abnormalities in a specific region of the lungs; side-to-side is preferred.

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The nurse is asked to describe what the heart sound S2 represents. What would be the correct response by the nurse?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

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