The nurse is assessing a child with a suspected fracture.
Which finding is indicative of a complete fracture?

Choice A rationale

Increased dietary fiber (cellulose) adds bulk to the stool, promoting peristalsis and facilitating bowel movements. Adequate fluid intake is crucial for softening stool and preventing dehydration, which can exacerbate constipation. Together, these interventions physically aid in the formation and passage of softer, more regular stools, addressing the root cause of pregnancy-related constipation.

Choice B rationale

Regular use of a laxative, especially stimulant laxatives, is generally discouraged during pregnancy due to potential for dependency, electrolyte imbalances, and uterine contractions. While some bulk-forming laxatives might be considered, the primary recommendation focuses on dietary and lifestyle modifications as a safer and more physiological approach to managing constipation.

Choice C rationale

Maintenance of good posture can influence comfort and spinal alignment, but it does not directly address the physiological mechanisms contributing to constipation, such as slowed gastrointestinal motility or insufficient dietary fiber and fluid. While beneficial for overall well-being, it is not a primary intervention for alleviating constipation.

Choice D rationale

Regular use of glycerin suppositories acts as a local irritant and osmotic agent to soften and stimulate the rectum for defecation. While they can provide temporary relief, they do not address the underlying causes of constipation in pregnancy and their regular use can lead to dependency, hindering the body's natural bowel function.

Choice A rationale

Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent bacterial pathogen responsible for osteomyelitis, a bone infection. This bacterium possesses virulence factors such as adhesins, which enable it to adhere to bone tissue, and various toxins that contribute to tissue damage and inflammation. It can enter the bone through direct inoculation, contiguous spread, or hematogenous dissemination.

Choice B rationale

Haemophilus influenzae can cause invasive infections, including meningitis and epiglottitis, particularly in unvaccinated children. While it can cause localized infections, it is not a common cause of osteomyelitis. Its primary colonization sites and mechanisms of infection are generally distinct from those leading to bone infections.

Choice C rationale

Escherichia coli is a common inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract and a frequent cause of urinary tract infections and sepsis, particularly in neonates. While it can cause osteomyelitis, especially in specific populations such as neonates or individuals with compromised immune systems, it is significantly less common than Staphylococcus aureus as an overall cause.

Choice D rationale

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, and meningitis. While it can cause invasive infections and has been implicated in rare cases of osteomyelitis, it does not possess the same propensity for bone tissue colonization as Staphylococcus aureus, making it a much less common etiologic agent for bone infections.