What is the most common bacteria that causes osteomyelitis?
Staphylococcus aureus.
Haemophilus influenzae.
Escherichia coli.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent bacterial pathogen responsible for osteomyelitis, a bone infection. This bacterium possesses virulence factors such as adhesins, which enable it to adhere to bone tissue, and various toxins that contribute to tissue damage and inflammation. It can enter the bone through direct inoculation, contiguous spread, or hematogenous dissemination.
Choice B rationale
Haemophilus influenzae can cause invasive infections, including meningitis and epiglottitis, particularly in unvaccinated children. While it can cause localized infections, it is not a common cause of osteomyelitis. Its primary colonization sites and mechanisms of infection are generally distinct from those leading to bone infections.
Choice C rationale
Escherichia coli is a common inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract and a frequent cause of urinary tract infections and sepsis, particularly in neonates. While it can cause osteomyelitis, especially in specific populations such as neonates or individuals with compromised immune systems, it is significantly less common than Staphylococcus aureus as an overall cause.
Choice D rationale
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, and meningitis. While it can cause invasive infections and has been implicated in rare cases of osteomyelitis, it does not possess the same propensity for bone tissue colonization as Staphylococcus aureus, making it a much less common etiologic agent for bone infections.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Emphasizing compliance without addressing the underlying emotional distress of an adolescent regarding body image can be counterproductive. Adherence to medical regimens, especially those affecting appearance, is significantly influenced by psychosocial factors and perceived stigma. A confrontational approach often increases resistance, hindering long-term treatment success.
Choice B rationale
Dismissing an adolescent's concern about peer perception trivializes their developmental stage, where social acceptance and body image are paramount. Telling them peers will not notice is often untrue and undermines trust, as adolescents are highly attuned to social cues and peer judgment, which can lead to further noncompliance.
Choice C rationale
Involving the adolescent in brace customization promotes autonomy and ownership over their treatment, significantly increasing compliance. This approach addresses the emotional impact of body image concerns by allowing for personalization, which can mitigate feelings of embarrassment and enhance self-esteem during a critical developmental period.
Choice D rationale
While explaining risks is important for informed consent, focusing solely on negative consequences without offering solutions or addressing emotional barriers can instill fear without promoting adherence. This approach can also lead to resentment or a feeling of being lectured, further alienating the adolescent from treatment.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The passageway refers to the birth canal, including the pelvis and soft tissues. While an adequate passageway is essential for labor progression, the client's current cervical dilation (7 cm) and effacement (80%) indicate that the passageway is accommodating fetal descent, and there is no direct evidence from the scenario suggesting an issue with this factor.
Choice B rationale
The passenger refers to the fetus, including its size, presentation, lie, and attitude. There is no information in the scenario to suggest any concerns with the fetus itself, such as malpresentation or distress. The focus of the client's statement is on their emotional state rather than a physical aspect of the baby.
Choice C rationale
Psyche refers to the client's psychological and emotional state during labor. The client's statement "I am really afraid of giving birth" and subsequent crying directly indicate significant fear and anxiety. This emotional distress can negatively impact labor progression by increasing catecholamine release, potentially hindering uterine contractions and increasing pain perception, thus requiring immediate attention.
Choice D rationale
Powers refer to the uterine contractions (primary power) and the mother's pushing efforts (secondary power). While effective powers are crucial for labor progression, the scenario does not provide information to suggest that the client's contractions are inadequate or that there's an issue with her ability to push. The immediate concern presented is her emotional state.
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