The nurse is assessing a client for Brudzinskis sign as part of their neurologic assessment. Which of the following are appropriate actions by the nurse when performing this technique? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Bend the client's head toward their chest

Ask the client to extend both arms above their head

Place the client in supine position

The nurse will place a hand behind the client's head

Assist the client to bend their knee 90 degrees

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A. Bend the client’s head toward their chest is correct because Brudzinski’s sign is tested by flexing the client’s neck and observing for an involuntary flexion of the hips and knees, which suggests meningeal irritation.

B. Ask the client to extend both arms above their head is incorrect; this is not part of the test for Brudzinski’s sign.

C. Place the client in a supine position is correct because the test must be done with the client lying flat on their back.

D. The nurse will place a hand behind the client’s head is correct because the nurse gently lifts the client’s head to assess for involuntary hip and knee flexion.

E. Assist the client to bend their knee 90 degrees is incorrect; knee bending is not required for Brudzinski’s sign but is part of Kernig’s sign testing.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. D-dimer, fibrinogen, and fibrin degradation products is correct because these tests reflect the excessive clotting and fibrinolysis seen in DIC: D-dimer: Elevated due to fibrin breakdown. Fibrinogen: Decreased due to excessive consumption. Fibrin degradation products (FDPs): Increased due to breakdown of fibrin clots.

B. Fibrin degradation products, lactic acid, and complete blood count is incorrect because lactic acid is more useful in sepsis evaluation, not DIC diagnosis.

C. Complete blood count, platelets, and prothrombin time is incorrect because while platelets may be low and PT may be prolonged, these tests alone are not specific for DIC.

D. Prothrombin time, form level, and d-dimer is incorrect because “form level” is not a relevant test, and PT alone is not sufficient for DIC diagnosis.

A. Auscultate bowel sounds, record the findings and obtain a 12-lead ECG B. Initiate the standing prescription for v Dopamine at 16 mcg/kg/minute C. Place soft restraints on the upper extremities and sedate as necessary D. Lower the head the bed obtain a pulse ox and increase the rate of iv fluids

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Auscultate bowel sounds, record the findings, and obtain a 12-lead ECG
While auscultating bowel sounds can help assess for bowel injury and an ECG is useful for monitoring cardiac function, these interventions are not the priority. The client is in shock and requires immediate intervention to restore perfusion.

B. Initiate the standing prescription for Dopamine at 16 mcg/kg/minute
Dopamine can be used to support blood pressure in shock, but fluid resuscitation is the first-line intervention in hypovolemic shock. Vasopressors like dopamine are typically added after fluid resuscitation if hypotension persists.

C. Place soft restraints on the upper extremities and sedate as necessary
The client's restlessness is likely due to hypoxia and inadequate perfusion, not agitation. Restraints and sedation would delay critical interventions and could worsen hemodynamic instability.

D. Lower the head of the bed, obtain a pulse ox, and increase the rate of IV fluids
The client is in hypovolemic shock due to suspected internal bleeding. Lowering the head of the bed improves cerebral perfusion, increasing IV fluids restores intravascular volume, and checking pulse oximetry ensures adequate oxygenation. This is the priority action to stabilize the client.

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The nurse is assessing a client for Brudzinskis sign as part of their neurologic assessment. Which of the following are appropriate actions by the nurse when performing this technique? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Nursing Test Bank

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