The nurse is assessing a client who is a strict vegetarian. What type of anemia is the nurse aware that this client is at risk for?

Megaloblastic anemia

Sickle cell anemia

Iron deficiency anemia

Aplastic anemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Strict vegetarians are at risk for megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency, as B12 is primarily found in animal products. B12 deficiency impairs DNA synthesis, causing macrocytic anemia and symptoms like fatigue and neurological issues, a significant concern in vegan diets without supplementation.

Choice B reason: Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder caused by a hemoglobin S mutation, not dietary factors like vegetarianism. It leads to hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusive crises, unrelated to nutritional deficiencies, making it an unlikely risk for a vegetarian client without genetic predisposition.

Choice C reason: Iron deficiency anemia is possible in vegetarians due to lower bioavailability of non-heme iron from plant sources, but B12 deficiency is a more specific risk in strict vegetarians, as animal products are the primary B12 source. Iron supplements or fortified foods can mitigate this risk.

Choice D reason: Aplastic anemia results from bone marrow failure, not dietary deficiencies. It causes pancytopenia and is unrelated to vegetarianism, which primarily risks nutritional anemias like B12 or iron deficiency. The client’s diet suggests a nutrient-specific issue, not bone marrow suppression.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Arranging for friends and family to sit with the client may provide comfort but does not directly prevent injury from agitation. Family presence cannot ensure physical safety during sudden movements, whereas padding side rails directly reduces harm from agitation-related impacts in head injury.

Choice B reason: Restraining the client increases agitation and injury risk in head-injured patients, as it can exacerbate distress and cause pressure injuries. Non-restrictive measures like padding are safer, reducing harm from agitation without compromising autonomy or worsening neurological status in this high-risk population.

Choice C reason: Padding side rails is the best intervention to prevent injury in an agitated client with a head injury. Agitation increases the risk of hitting bed rails, causing bruises or fractures. Padding absorbs impact, ensuring safety without restricting movement, addressing the immediate physical risk effectively.

Choice D reason: Administering opioids PRN may reduce pain but not agitation in head injury. Opioids can depress respiration and consciousness, potentially masking neurological changes or worsening ICP, making them less safe than padding side rails to prevent physical injury from agitation-related movements.

A. Thiazide diuretics B. Diabinese C. Desmopressin (DDAVP) D. Ibuprofen

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Thiazide diuretics reduce urine output in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by increasing sodium excretion, which enhances water reabsorption indirectly. However, they are not the primary treatment for central diabetes insipidus, where ADH deficiency is the issue. Desmopressin, an ADH analog, directly addresses the hormonal deficiency, making thiazides less effective.

Choice B reason: Diabinese (chlorpropamide) is a sulfonylurea used for type 2 diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus. It lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin release, which is irrelevant to the water balance issue in diabetes insipidus caused by ADH deficiency. It does not address the underlying hormonal imbalance.

Choice C reason: Desmopressin (DDAVP) is a synthetic ADH analog used to treat central diabetes insipidus. It mimics ADH, promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys’ collecting ducts, reducing polyuria and thirst. This directly corrects the fluid imbalance caused by ADH deficiency, making it the primary and most effective treatment.

Choice D reason: Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is used for pain and inflammation, not for fluid balance in diabetes insipidus. It has no effect on ADH or renal water reabsorption, making it irrelevant for treating the excessive urine output and dehydration associated with this condition.

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The nurse is assessing a client who is a strict vegetarian. What type of anemia is the nurse aware that this client is at risk for?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with a head injury has been increasingly agitated and the nurse has consequently identified a risk for injury. What is the nurse’s best intervention for preventing injury?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which of the following medications is used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus to control fluid balance?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse caring for a client with diabetes insipidus is reviewing laboratory results. What is an expected urinalysis finding?

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A nurse is reviewing the trend of a client’s scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). This provides what potential information to the nurse about the client’s status?

A client who is in the third trimester of pregnancy has been experiencing an exacerbation of iron-deficiency anemia in recent weeks. When providing the client with nutritional guidelines and meal suggestions, what foods would be most likely to increase the client’s iron stores?

The nurse is assessing a new client with reports of acute fatigue and a sore tongue that is visibly smooth and beefy red. This client is demonstrating signs and symptoms associated with what form of hematologic disorder?

A client with a history of diabetes insipidus seeks medical attention for an exacerbation of symptoms. Which laboratory finding indicates to the nurse that the client has been restricting fluids in an attempt to control the symptoms?