The nurse is assessing a client with aortic stenosis. Which finding in the client's history would the nurse identify as the most common cause of this condition?

Congenital valve abnormalities

Rheumatic fever

Autoimmune deficiency syndrome

Degenerative calcification of valve

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Congenital valve abnormalities: Although congenital heart defects can cause aortic stenosis, rheumatic fever is a more common cause in adults.

B. Rheumatic fever: Rheumatic fever is the most common cause of aortic stenosis in adults, as it can lead to scarring and narrowing of the aortic valve.

C. Autoimmune deficiency syndrome: This is not associated with aortic stenosis.

D. Degenerative calcification of valve: This is a common cause of aortic stenosis in older adults, but it is generally less common than rheumatic fever as the primary cause in a younger or middle-aged population.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The client's blood pressure has decreased since the last visit. Decreased blood pressure is not a typical early sign of mitral valve stenosis.

B. The client's liver is enlarged and the abdomen is edematous. These are signs of more advanced heart failure, which can result from mitral valve stenosis but are not early indicators.

C. The client has jugular vein distention and 3+ pedal edema. Jugular vein distention and pedal edema are later signs of heart failure caused by mitral valve stenosis, not early signs.

D. The client complains of shortness of breath when walking. Shortness of breath on exertion is an early sign of mitral valve stenosis as the left atrium is unable to effectively pump blood into the left ventricle, leading to pulmonary congestion and difficulty breathing.

A. Complete (third-degree) heart block B. Pacemaker rhythm C. Sinus bradycardia D. First-degree heart block

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Complete (third-degree) heart block: This rhythm is characterized by a lack of relationship between P waves and QRS complexes, indicating a complete dissociation between atrial and ventricular activity.

B. A pacemaker rhythm on an ECG is characterized by the presence of pacing spikes followed by P waves or QRS complexes, depending on whether the pacemaker is pacing the atrium or the ventricle. If the pacemaker is pacing the ventricle, the pacing spike will be followed by a QRS complex. The QRS complexes in a paced rhythm are often wider than normal.

C. Sinus bradycardia: Sinus bradycardia is a slow but regular rhythm originating from the sinus node, with normal P waves and QRS complexes.

D. First-degree heart block: First-degree heart block is characterized by a prolonged PR interval (greater than 0.20 seconds) but with all P waves followed by QRS complexes, differing from third-degree heart block.

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The nurse is assessing a client with aortic stenosis. Which finding in the client's history would the nurse identify as the most common cause of this condition?

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