The nurse is assessing the chest shape of a patient.
Which chest configuration describes a sunken in sternum and costal cartilage?

Choice A rationale

Allergic conjunctivitis is usually characterized by redness, itching, and watery discharge. It is often associated with allergic reactions to pollen, dust, or pet dander. The discharge in allergic conjunctivitis is typically clear and watery, not white and thick.

Choice B rationale

Viral conjunctivitis is often caused by adenovirus and is characterized by redness, watery discharge, and a gritty sensation in the eye. It is highly contagious and can spread through contact with infected individuals. The discharge in viral conjunctivitis is usually watery, not thick and white.

Choice C rationale

Bacterial conjunctivitis is characterized by redness, itching, and white, thick discharge. It is often caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae. The thick discharge is a hallmark of bacterial infection, distinguishing it from allergic or viral conjunctivitis.

Choice D rationale

Cataracts involve the clouding of the eye's natural lens, leading to blurred vision and difficulty seeing at night. They do not cause redness, itching, or discharge from the eye. Cataracts affect the lens inside the eye, not the conjunctival sac.

Choice A rationale

While the upper outer quadrant can be prone to injury and calcifications, this is not the primary reason for its importance in breast examinations. Calcifications can occur in various parts of the breast and are often detected through mammography rather than physical examination.

Choice B rationale

Suspensory ligaments, also known as Cooper's ligaments, provide structural support to the breast. They attach to the skin and the underlying pectoral fascia. However, these ligaments are distributed throughout the breast and are not confined to the upper outer quadrant.

Choice C rationale

The upper outer quadrant is not the largest quadrant of the breast. All quadrants have relatively similar sizes. Therefore, the size of the quadrant is not the reason for its importance in breast examinations.

Choice D rationale

The upper outer quadrant of the breast is the most common location for breast tumors. This is because a significant portion of the breast tissue, including the axillary tail (an extension of breast tissue into the armpit), is located in this quadrant. Therefore, careful examination of this area is crucial for early detection of breast cancer.