The nurse is assessing the chest shape of a patient.
Which chest configuration describes a sunken in sternum and costal cartilage?
Elliptical chest.
Pectus excavatum.
Standard chest.
Barrel chest.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
An elliptical chest describes the typical shape of a healthy chest with a lateral dimension greater than the anteroposterior dimension. This shape allows for normal expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing. An elliptical chest does not indicate any deformity or abnormality in the sternum or costal cartilage.
Choice B rationale
Pectus excavatum, also known as funnel chest, is a congenital deformity where the sternum and costal cartilage are sunken inward, creating a concave appearance of the chest. This condition can range in severity and may affect respiratory function and exercise tolerance in some individuals. Surgical correction may be considered for severe cases.
Choice C rationale
A standard chest describes a chest without any deformities or abnormalities, typically with a normal elliptical shape. This term does not denote any specific condition or configuration and implies a healthy, non-deformed chest.
Choice D rationale
Barrel chest is characterized by an increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest, giving it a round or barrel-like appearance. This condition is often seen in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or emphysema, where the lungs are chronically overinflated, causing the chest to expand and lose its normal shape.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The Angle of Louis, also known as the sternal angle, is located at the level of the 2nd intercostal space. It is a significant landmark in clinical examinations because it is used to locate important areas of the chest, such as the aortic and pulmonic areas, for auscultation.
Choice B rationale
The 3rd intercostal space is not the correct location for the Angle of Louis. The sternal angle is found at the level of the 2nd intercostal space, not the 3rd. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
Choice C rationale
The 2nd rib attaches at the level of the Angle of Louis. The sternal angle is an anatomical landmark where the manubrium and the body of the sternum meet, and it corresponds with the attachment of the 2nd rib.
Choice D rationale
The 4th intercostal space is not the correct location for the Angle of Louis. The sternal angle is located at the 2nd intercostal space, not the 4th. Therefore, this option is incorrect. .
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Atrial depolarization is represented by the P wave on an ECG, not the QRS wave. This phase involves the electrical activation and contraction of the atria, which precedes ventricular contraction.
Choice B rationale
Ventricular repolarization is represented by the T wave, not the QRS complex. The T wave signifies the ventricles returning to their resting state.
Choice C rationale
Atrial repolarization generally occurs during the QRS complex, but it is not represented by it. The electrical activity of atrial repolarization is masked by the more significant ventricular depolarization signal of the QRS complex.
Choice D rationale
The QRS complex on an ECG represents ventricular depolarization, which is the electrical activation leading to the contraction of the ventricles. This is the correct answer as it accurately describes the QRS wave’s significance. .
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