The nurse is aware that the patient seeking antibiotic treatment for pharyngitis will only receive the desired medication if the condition is caused by:

bacteria

a fungal infection

a virus

protozoa

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Bacteria: Antibiotics are specifically used to treat bacterial infections. In the case of pharyngitis, antibiotics are appropriate if the infection is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep), which can be confirmed via rapid strep test or throat culture.

B. A fungal infection: Fungal infections are treated with antifungal medications, not antibiotics. Pharyngitis caused by fungi (e.g., Candida) is rare and requires different pharmacologic management.

C. A virus: Viral pharyngitis is the most common cause of sore throat and does not respond to antibiotics. Treating viral infections with antibiotics contributes to antimicrobial resistance and unnecessary side effects.

D. Protozoa: Protozoal infections typically affect the gastrointestinal or urogenital tract and are not a cause of pharyngitis. They are treated with antiparasitic agents, not antibiotics.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Nasal cannula:The nasal cannula provides low-flow oxygen with variable concentrations depending on the patient's respiratory rate and tidal volume. It does not deliver a precise or consistent oxygen concentration.

B. Simple face mask:The simple face mask delivers moderate concentrations of oxygen, generally between 40–60%, but it lacks a mechanism for precise control. Oxygen delivery fluctuates based on the patient’s breathing pattern and flow rate.

C. Venturi mask:The Venturi mask is designed to deliver a specific and consistent concentration of oxygen by using color-coded adaptors that mix oxygen with room air at fixed ratios. This makes it ideal for patients who require accurate oxygen titration, such as those with COPD.

D. Non-rebreather mask:A non-rebreather mask delivers high concentrations of oxygen (up to 90–100%) but does not allow for fine control of the exact oxygen percentage. It is used in emergencies when high oxygen delivery is needed, not for precise regulation.

A. calcium gluconate B. vitamin K C. protamine sulfate D. potassium chloride

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Calcium gluconate:Calcium gluconate is used to treat conditions such as hyperkalemia or calcium channel blocker overdose. It has no role in reversing the anticoagulant effects of heparin and would not be useful in this scenario.

B. Vitamin K:Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin (Coumadin), not heparin. It promotes the synthesis of clotting factors inhibited by warfarin but does not affect the mechanism of action of heparin.

C. Protamine sulfate:Protamine sulfate binds to heparin and neutralizes its anticoagulant effect, making it the specific antidote for heparin overdose. It is used to reverse excessive anticoagulation and reduce the risk of bleeding complications.

D. Potassium chloride:Potassium chloride is used to treat or prevent hypokalemia. It has no antidotal properties for anticoagulants and would not be relevant in managing heparin toxicity.

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The nurse is aware that the patient seeking antibiotic treatment for pharyngitis will only receive the desired medication if the condition is caused by:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which oxygen delivery device is best suited for a patient who requires a precise concentration of oxygen?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is placed on a heparin drip. The nurse should have which of the following drugs available in cases of accidental overdose?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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