The nurse is caring for a child with acute nasopharyngitis.
Which information should the nurse include in teaching the parents about this health problem?
An antibiotic is prescribed for children younger than 5 years of age.
A cough that accompanies a cold should rarely be suppressed.
Typically, the child will pull the ear when a cold is present.
Healthy children rarely have more than one cold per year.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Nasopharyngitis is caused by a virus, not bacteria. Antibiotics are ineffective against viruses and their use in this context promotes antibiotic resistance. The routine prescription of antibiotics for a viral infection is not evidence-based practice and is discouraged by public health authorities. Treatment is focused on symptom management, not eradication of the underlying virus.
Choice B rationale
A cough is a protective physiological reflex that helps to clear the respiratory tract of mucus and irritants. Suppressing a productive cough can lead to the retention of secretions in the lungs, increasing the risk of secondary bacterial infections like pneumonia. Therefore, a cough that accompanies a cold should not be suppressed unless it is non-productive and interfering with rest or other essential activities.
Choice C rationale
While a child with a cold may pull their ear, this is more indicative of otitis media, or a middle ear infection, which can be a complication of a cold. It is not a characteristic of the cold itself. Pulling the ear is a symptom of pressure and pain in the middle ear caused by fluid accumulation, which is a different medical issue requiring a distinct diagnosis and management.
Choice D rationale
This statement is inaccurate. Young children, especially those in daycare or preschool, have immature immune systems and are frequently exposed to new viruses. Consequently, it is common and normal for healthy children to experience multiple colds per year, often six to eight or more, as they build immunity to various viral strains.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
This is a significant underestimation of a 2-3 year old's language skills. While a toddler can follow commands, their expressive language is also developing rapidly. They typically transition from single words to multi-word sentences and have a vocabulary of several hundred words. The lack of speech would be a cause for concern and would require further developmental evaluation.
Choice B rationale
This is the expected language skill level for a 2-3 year old toddler. At this stage, a toddler's vocabulary expands significantly, and they begin to combine words into simple sentences. This two-word stage, often called "telegraphic speech," is a key milestone and indicates the child is beginning to understand and apply grammatical rules.
Choice C rationale
This is an overestimation of a 2-3 year old's language skills. While their vocabulary is growing, their speech is not typically fully clear or understandable to all listeners. They may still mispronounce words or omit certain sounds. Full clarity of speech is usually not achieved until 4 or 5 years of age.
Choice D rationale
This is an overestimation of a 2-3 year old's vocabulary. The typical vocabulary for a 2-year-old is around 50 words, and by age 3, it may increase to around 200-300 words. A vocabulary of 800-900 words is more characteristic of a 4 to 5 year old and is not the expected norm for this age group.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A fetal heart rate (FHR) of 110 beats per minute with moderate variability and accelerations is within the normal range (110-160 bpm). Moderate variability indicates a healthy, well-oxygenated fetus, and accelerations are reassuring signs. This client is stable and does not require immediate intervention.
Choice B rationale
A client with an epidural who is 7 cm dilated is stable. The nurse should continue to monitor the client's progress and vital signs, but there is no indication of immediate distress. The epidural can cause a slight decrease in blood pressure, which would require monitoring but not an urgent response.
Choice C rationale
A blood pressure of 110/82 mmHg, heart rate of 80 beats per minute, and oxygen saturation of 98% are all within normal ranges. This client is stable and does not have any signs of distress. The nurse should continue to monitor the client but does not need to see them first.
Choice D rationale
A fetal heart rate baseline of 130s is normal, but minimal variability and late decelerations are non-reassuring signs. Minimal variability (less than 6 beats per minute) indicates a potential lack of fetal oxygenation, while late decelerations are a sign of uteroplacental insufficiency. This requires immediate intervention.
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