The nurse is caring for a child with acute nasopharyngitis.
Which information should the nurse include in teaching the parents about this health problem?
An antibiotic is prescribed for children younger than 5 years of age.
A cough that accompanies a cold should rarely be suppressed.
Typically, the child will pull the ear when a cold is present.
Healthy children rarely have more than one cold per year.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Nasopharyngitis is caused by a virus, not bacteria. Antibiotics are ineffective against viruses and their use in this context promotes antibiotic resistance. The routine prescription of antibiotics for a viral infection is not evidence-based practice and is discouraged by public health authorities. Treatment is focused on symptom management, not eradication of the underlying virus.
Choice B rationale
A cough is a protective physiological reflex that helps to clear the respiratory tract of mucus and irritants. Suppressing a productive cough can lead to the retention of secretions in the lungs, increasing the risk of secondary bacterial infections like pneumonia. Therefore, a cough that accompanies a cold should not be suppressed unless it is non-productive and interfering with rest or other essential activities.
Choice C rationale
While a child with a cold may pull their ear, this is more indicative of otitis media, or a middle ear infection, which can be a complication of a cold. It is not a characteristic of the cold itself. Pulling the ear is a symptom of pressure and pain in the middle ear caused by fluid accumulation, which is a different medical issue requiring a distinct diagnosis and management.
Choice D rationale
This statement is inaccurate. Young children, especially those in daycare or preschool, have immature immune systems and are frequently exposed to new viruses. Consequently, it is common and normal for healthy children to experience multiple colds per year, often six to eight or more, as they build immunity to various viral strains.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Methylergonovine is a vasoconstrictor that stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the uterus to control postpartum hemorrhage. However, this vasoconstrictive effect is not limited to the uterus and can cause a systemic increase in blood pressure. The medication is contraindicated in patients with hypertension, with a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, to prevent a hypertensive crisis or cerebrovascular accident.
Choice B rationale
Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood and is used to assess for anemia or polycythemia. A normal hematocrit range for women is 37-47%. While anemia is a common concern postpartum, and a low hematocrit may indicate significant blood loss, it is not a primary contraindication for methylergonovine administration. The drug's primary side effect is related to blood pressure, not hematological status.
Choice C rationale
Urine output is an indicator of renal perfusion and overall hydration status. A normal urine output is typically greater than 30 ml/hr. While decreased urine output could indicate hypovolemia or renal dysfunction, it is not a direct contraindication for methylergonovine. The medication's effect on blood pressure is the primary safety consideration, not its effect on renal function or urine output.
Choice D rationale
Dizziness or lightheadedness can be a sign of orthostatic hypotension or blood loss. Assessing for dizziness is an important part of a postpartum assessment, but it is not a specific contraindication for methylergonovine. The medication's primary risk is hypertension, which is not directly related to a client's baseline experience of dizziness. A baseline blood pressure measurement is a more specific and crucial assessment.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Applying alcohol to the lesions of atopic dermatitis is contraindicated. Alcohol is a drying agent and can further irritate and damage the already compromised skin barrier. This action would worsen the skin condition and cause pain, indicating a need for health teaching on appropriate skin care measures for atopic dermatitis.
Choice B rationale
Applying hydrocortisone cream is an appropriate treatment for atopic dermatitis. Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid that reduces inflammation and itching associated with the condition. It works by suppressing the immune response in the skin, which helps to alleviate the redness and irritation of the lesions.
Choice C rationale
Applying Eucerin cream, which is a moisturizer, after a bath is a beneficial practice. Moisturizers help to lock in water and restore the skin's barrier function, which is compromised in atopic dermatitis. This helps to reduce dryness, itching, and the frequency of flare-ups.
Choice D rationale
Giving a daily bath without using soap is a recommended practice. The goal is to avoid harsh soaps that can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to dryness and irritation. Using a non-soap cleanser or simply bathing in plain water helps to maintain skin hydration and health
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