The nurse is caring for a client who asks why blood levels of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) is drawn at periodic intervals. Which of the following responses describes the correct rationale?

Decrease levels of CEA indicate the treatment of your colon cancer was effective

Increased levels of CEA indicate that surgery to correct your diverticulitis was effective

Increased levels of CEA indicate a return of your pancreatitis

Decreased levels of CEA indicate that you have Ulcerative Colitis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Decrease levels of CEA indicate the treatment of your colon cancer was effective: CEA is a tumor marker primarily used to monitor treatment response in certain cancers, especially colorectal cancer. A decrease in CEA levels after treatment suggests a positive response and reduced tumor burden.

B. Increased levels of CEA indicate that surgery to correct your diverticulitis was effective: CEA is not used to monitor diverticulitis. It is mainly associated with cancers, particularly colorectal cancer. An increase in CEA levels suggests possible cancer recurrence or progression, not resolution of diverticulitis.

C. Increased levels of CEA indicate a return of your pancreatitis: CEA is not a marker for pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is typically monitored using amylase, lipase, and imaging studies.

D. Decreased levels of CEA indicate that you have Ulcerative Colitis: Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is not diagnosed or monitored using CEA. While chronic inflammation may increase cancer risk over time, CEA is not a direct indicator of UC.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A. Explain the possible surgical procedures available to treat this disorder: Clients with IBD, particularly ulcerative colitis, may require surgical interventions such as colectomy or ileostomy if medical management fails. Providing information about surgical options helps clients make informed decisions.

B. Discuss coping skills to assist with adaptation to required lifestyle modifications: IBD significantly affects daily life, including dietary changes, medication adherence, and emotional well-being. Teaching coping strategies helps clients manage stress and improve quality of life.

C. Educate on possible medication side effects and when to notify the healthcare provider: Medications for IBD (e.g., corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologics) have side effects such as increased infection risk, osteoporosis, and GI disturbances. Patients should be informed about when to seek medical attention.

D. Provide information on decreasing protein intake to reduce ammonia levels: This advice is more relevant to liver disease, such as cirrhosis, where protein restriction can help manage hepatic encephalopathy. In IBD, adequate protein intake is needed to prevent malnutrition.

E. Discuss the risks of fluid volume overload and methods to restrict fluid intake: Clients with IBD are at risk for dehydration due to diarrhea and malabsorption. Increasing fluid intake, rather than restricting it, is often necessary.

A. Blood tinged B. Clay C. Brown D. Chalky

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Blood-tinged: Pancreatic cancer does not typically cause rectal bleeding.

B. Clay: Blockage of the bile duct leads to pale (clay-colored) stools due to lack of bilirubin.

C. Brown: Normal stools are brown due to bilirubin metabolism.

D. Chalky: Chalky is not a typical term used for stool description in pancreatic cancer.

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The nurse is caring for a client who asks why blood levels of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) is drawn at periodic intervals. Which of the following responses describes the correct rationale?

Nursing Test Bank

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