The nurse is caring for a client with a heart rate of 48. His blood pressure is 120/80. Which finding will help the nurse determine the cause of the client's bradycardia?

The client has a fever.

The client has possible hemorrhage or bleeding.

The client has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The client has calcium channel blocker medicate prescribed.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Fever can cause tachycardia (increased heart rate) rather than bradycardia. It is not typically associated with slowing of the heart rate unless there are other complicating factors such as severe infection or medication side effects.
B.   Significant blood loss can lead to hypovolemia (low blood volume), which can result in bradycardia as a compensatory mechanism to maintain blood pressure. However, the blood pressure in this scenario is

normal (120/80), which makes severe hemorrhage less likely unless compensated by fluid resuscitation or other factors.
C.   COPD can cause chronic hypoxia and respiratory acidosis, which can lead to chronic respiratory compensation and potentially bradycardia. However, COPD alone is less likely to cause bradycardia in the absence of severe exacerbation or other complicating factors.
D.   Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are medications commonly prescribed for conditions such as hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias. They work by blocking calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells, resulting in decreased heart rate and vasodilation. Bradycardia is a known side effect of CCBs, especially when taken in excess or in combination with other medications that affect heart rate.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH (<7.35) and a decreased bicarbonate (HCO3) level (<22 mEq/L). The ABG results show a pH of 7.30 and HCO3 of 18 mEq/L, which are consistent with metabolic acidosis. The low HCO3 indicates that there is an accumulation of acids or loss of bicarbonate in the blood.
B. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH (>7.45) and an elevated bicarbonate level (>26 mEq/L). The ABG results show a low pH and low HCO3, which do not support metabolic alkalosis.
C. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH (>7.45) and a low PaCO2 (<35 mm Hg). The pH in this scenario is low (7.30), which does not align with respiratory alkalosis.
D. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH (<7.35) and an elevated PaCO2 (>45 mm Hg). While the pH is low, indicating acidosis, the PaCO2 in this case is low (28 mm Hg), which does not support respiratory acidosis.

A. Metabolic acidosis B. Respiratory alkalosis C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Respiratory acidosis

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decrease in bicarbonate or an increase in acids, which can be caused by conditions like kidney failure or diabetic ketoacidosis, but it is not typically associated with numbness and tingling.
B. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH (>7.45) and a decreased PaCO2 (<35 mm Hg). It typically results from hyperventilation, which leads to excessive elimination of CO2 and subsequent alkalosis. This condition is less likely to occur in gastroenteritis unless there are other complicating factors such as anxiety or pain causing increased respiratory rate.
C. In the context of gastroenteritis, where there may be a loss of stomach acids through vomiting or diarrhea, the most likely acid-base imbalance would be metabolic alkalosis.
D. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH and an elevated PaCO2 (>45 mm Hg). It results from hypoventilation, leading to retention of CO2 and subsequent acidosis. Respiratory acidosis would not typically present with numbness and tingling in the extremities in the context of gastroenteritis.

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The nurse is caring for a client with a heart rate of 48. His blood pressure is 120/80. Which finding will help the nurse determine the cause of the client's bradycardia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Explanation

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