The nurse is caring for a client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who is receiving oxygen therapy. Which assessment should the nurse prioritize?

Monitor oxygen saturation

Check skin color

Assess for chest pain

Measure blood pressure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Monitoring oxygen saturation is critical in COPD, as oxygen therapy aims to maintain saturation (88–92%) to prevent hypoxia. Pulse oximetry ensures adequate oxygenation, guiding therapy adjustments, making it the priority assessment to prevent respiratory failure and optimize lung function.

Choice B reason: Checking skin color assesses cyanosis but is less precise than oxygen saturation. Pulse oximetry provides objective data on oxygenation in COPD, guiding oxygen therapy, making it the priority over subjective visual assessments, which are secondary to quantitative measures.

Choice C reason: Assessing chest pain is relevant for cardiac issues but not the primary concern in COPD oxygen therapy. Oxygen saturation directly evaluates therapy effectiveness, preventing hypoxia, making it the priority assessment to ensure respiratory stability in chronic lung disease.

Choice D reason: Measuring blood pressure monitors cardiovascular status but is secondary to oxygenation in COPD. Oxygen saturation is critical, as hypoxia exacerbates respiratory distress, requiring immediate assessment to adjust oxygen therapy, making it the priority over hemodynamic evaluations.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Over-enunciating syllables emphasizes pronunciation, which may help with clarity but does not directly address hearing impairment. Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) often involves difficulty processing rapid speech. Slowing speech is more effective, as over-enunciation may distort natural speech patterns, reducing comprehension in older adults with hearing deficits.

Choice B reason: Shouting increases volume but can distort speech and cause discomfort, worsening communication for those with presbycusis. High-frequency hearing loss in older adults makes loud sounds less effective, as they struggle with pitch discrimination. Slower, clear speech better facilitates understanding than shouting, which may also seem aggressive.

Choice C reason: Decreasing speaking speed enhances comprehension in older adults with hearing loss. Presbycusis impairs processing of rapid speech, particularly high-frequency sounds. Slow, clear speech allows more time for auditory processing, improving understanding without distorting sound or relying on less effective nonverbal cues, making it the optimal intervention.

Choice D reason: Exaggerating nonverbal expressions relies on visual cues, which does not address auditory comprehension. While gestures may supplement communication, they are insufficient for conveying detailed medical questions. Hearing-impaired clients primarily need auditory adjustments, like slower speech, to process verbal information effectively, making nonverbal exaggeration less appropriate.

A. Reduce dietary sodium intake B. Increase saturated fat consumption C. Limit physical activity D. Encourage smoking cessation only if symptomatic

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Reducing dietary sodium lowers blood pressure in hypertension by decreasing vascular fluid volume and vasoconstriction. Sodium restriction (e.g., <2.3 g/day) reduces cardiac workload, preventing complications like heart failure, making it the priority lifestyle modification for effective blood pressure control.

Choice B reason: Increasing saturated fat consumption worsens hypertension by promoting atherosclerosis and vascular stiffness. Sodium reduction is critical, as it directly lowers blood volume and pressure, reducing cardiovascular risk, making it the priority over dietary fat adjustments in hypertension management.

Choice C reason: Limiting physical activity is incorrect, as exercise lowers blood pressure by improving vascular elasticity. Sodium reduction is the priority, as it directly reduces fluid retention and vasoconstriction, providing immediate blood pressure control, making it essential for hypertension management.

Choice D reason: Smoking cessation is beneficial but not the primary focus unless active smoking is confirmed. Sodium reduction directly lowers blood pressure by decreasing fluid volume, making it the priority lifestyle change, as it addresses hypertension’s core mechanism more effectively.

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The nurse is caring for a client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who is receiving oxygen therapy. Which assessment should the nurse prioritize?

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