The nurse is caring for a client with a history of gout. Which dietary recommendation should the nurse emphasize?

Limit purine-rich foods

Increase dairy consumption

Restrict carbohydrate intake

Encourage red meat consumption

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Limiting purine-rich foods (e.g., organ meats, shellfish) reduces uric acid production, preventing gout flares. Purines metabolize into uric acid, which forms joint crystals in gout. This dietary restriction is critical to manage symptoms and prevent painful exacerbations effectively.

Choice B reason: Increasing dairy may reduce gout risk by lowering uric acid, but it is secondary to purine restriction. Limiting purines directly decreases uric acid synthesis, addressing the primary cause of gout flares, making it the priority dietary recommendation.

Choice C reason: Restricting carbohydrates is irrelevant to gout, which results from uric acid accumulation. Purine-rich foods are the primary dietary trigger, as they increase uric acid. Limiting purines is the priority, as it directly prevents crystal formation and gout exacerbations.

Choice D reason: Encouraging red meat, high in purines, worsens gout by increasing uric acid production. Limiting purine-rich foods is critical, as it reduces uric acid and joint crystal formation, making red meat consumption counterproductive to effective gout management.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Frequent small meals reduce gastroesophageal reflux by minimizing gastric distension, which decreases pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter. This prevents acid reflux into the esophagus, alleviating heartburn and irritation, making it an effective dietary strategy for managing GERD symptoms.

Choice B reason: Switching to decaffeinated coffee and tea may reduce reflux triggers, as caffeine relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter. However, small meals are more effective, as they directly reduce gastric volume and sphincter pressure, providing broader symptom relief than caffeine avoidance alone.

Choice C reason: Avoiding milk and cream is relevant for some GERD patients, as high-fat foods delay gastric emptying, increasing reflux. However, frequent small meals address the root cause of reflux by reducing gastric pressure, making this a more universally effective strategy than specific food avoidance.

Choice D reason: Listing high-dairy snack foods reinforces avoidance but is less direct than recommending small meals. Dairy may trigger reflux in some, but frequent small meals broadly reduce gastric distension and sphincter pressure, offering a more immediate and effective GERD management strategy.

A. Chest x-ray B. Electrocardiogram C. D-dimer blood test D. Arterial blood gas

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Chest x-ray may show nonspecific findings in pulmonary embolism but is not diagnostic. D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, is highly sensitive for detecting thrombosis, guiding further imaging like CT pulmonary angiography, making it the priority test in suspected cases.

Choice B reason: Electrocardiogram may show tachycardia or right heart strain in pulmonary embolism but is nonspecific. D-dimer is a sensitive screening test, indicating clot presence, which prompts definitive imaging, making it the preferred initial diagnostic step in suspected pulmonary embolism.

Choice C reason: D-dimer blood test is the most sensitive screening tool for pulmonary embolism, detecting fibrin degradation from clots. Elevated levels prompt CT pulmonary angiography for confirmation, guiding urgent treatment to prevent further embolization, making it the critical test to anticipate.

Choice D reason: Arterial blood gas may reveal hypoxemia in pulmonary embolism but is nonspecific, as other conditions cause similar findings. D-dimer is more diagnostic, identifying clot presence, guiding imaging, and ensuring timely intervention, making it the priority test in suspected cases.

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The nurse is caring for a client with a history of gout. Which dietary recommendation should the nurse emphasize?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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