The nurse is reviewing risk factors for cholelithiasis in a client’s history. Which factor most significantly increases the client’s risk for developing gallstones?

Age over 40 years

Daily walking 2 to 3 miles

Low-fat diet

Male gender

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Age over 40 increases cholelithiasis risk due to reduced gallbladder motility and increased bile cholesterol saturation, promoting gallstone formation. Aging alters bile composition, with higher lithogenic potential, making older adults more susceptible to cholesterol gallstones, a primary type in Western populations.

Choice B reason: Daily walking of 2 to 3 miles reduces cholelithiasis risk by promoting physical activity, which enhances gallbladder motility and reduces bile stasis. Exercise lowers cholesterol levels in bile, decreasing stone formation, making this a protective factor rather than a risk.

Choice C reason: A low-fat diet decreases cholelithiasis risk by reducing dietary cholesterol intake, which lowers bile cholesterol saturation. This promotes healthier bile composition, reducing the likelihood of cholesterol gallstone formation, making it a protective dietary habit rather than a risk factor.

Choice D reason: Male gender is associated with a lower risk of cholelithiasis compared to females, who have higher estrogen levels that increase bile cholesterol. Men have less lithogenic bile, making gender a protective factor, not a significant risk, unlike age-related changes.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Neutropenia, a low neutrophil count, is a common chemotherapy side effect due to bone marrow suppression, increasing infection risk. Monitoring neutrophil counts is critical, as infections in breast cancer patients can be life-threatening, making it the priority side effect to assess.

Choice B reason: Hypertension is not a typical chemotherapy side effect, though some agents cause cardiovascular effects. Neutropenia is more common, compromising immunity, making it the priority to monitor, as infections pose an immediate threat in breast cancer patients on chemotherapy.

Choice C reason: Hyperkalemia is rare with chemotherapy, except in tumor lysis syndrome. Neutropenia is a frequent side effect, increasing infection risk due to marrow suppression, making it the priority to monitor, as it directly impacts patient safety during breast cancer treatment.

Choice D reason: Weight gain is not a primary chemotherapy side effect; weight loss is more common due to nausea. Neutropenia is critical to monitor, as low neutrophils increase infection risk, requiring urgent intervention in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

A. Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements B. Risk for aspiration related to difficulty swallowing C. Anxiety and grieving related to progression of disease D. Chronic pain related to tissue destruction by tumor

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Imbalanced nutrition due to anorexia and dysphagia is significant in esophageal cancer, as it risks weight loss and weakness. However, pain at 8/10 is an acute, distressing symptom requiring immediate relief to improve quality of life, making it the priority over nutritional deficits.

Choice B reason: Risk for aspiration from dysphagia is a concern in esophageal cancer, as tumor obstruction can cause swallowing issues. While serious, aspiration is a potential risk, whereas severe pain is an immediate, actual problem, making pain management the priority to alleviate current suffering.

Choice C reason: Anxiety and grieving are valid in esophageal cancer due to its prognosis, but a pain level of 8/10 is an urgent physiological need. Addressing pain first improves the client’s ability to cope with psychological distress, prioritizing physical comfort over emotional concerns.

Choice D reason: Chronic pain from tumor-related tissue destruction, rated 8/10, is the priority, as severe pain causes significant distress and impairs function. Effective pain management enhances comfort, facilitates other interventions, and addresses the client’s immediate suffering, making it the most urgent nursing problem.

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The nurse is reviewing risk factors for cholelithiasis in a client’s history. Which factor most significantly increases the client’s risk for developing gallstones?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client with a history of breast cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. Which side effect should the nurse monitor for?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted with a diagnosis of esophageal cancer. The client reports a pain level of 8 on a 0 to 10 scale, dysphagia, anorexia, anxiety, and a hoarse voice. Which nursing problem is the priority for this client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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