The nurse is caring for a client with sinus bradycardia. The nurse understands that this arrhythmia may be caused by which of the following? Select All That Apply
Hypothermia
Calcium channel blockers medications
Athletic conditioning
Beta-blocker medications
Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D
A. Hypothermia: Hypothermia can slow the heart rate, leading to bradycardia.
B. Calcium channel blockers medications: These medications can slow the conduction through the AV node, causing bradycardia.
C. Athletic conditioning: Athletes often have a lower resting heart rate due to increased parasympathetic tone, which can lead to sinus bradycardia.
D. Beta-blocker medications: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart.
E. Hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism usually leads to tachycardia, not bradycardia, due to increased metabolism.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The new graduate nurse elevates the client's head of the bed to 30 degrees. Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees helps reduce ICP by promoting venous drainage from the brain.
B. The new graduate nurse administers an analgesic before turning the client. Analgesics are often necessary before turning a client with a head injury to minimize discomfort and prevent additional stress.
C. The new graduate nurse is frequently suctioning the client without breaks: Frequent suctioning without breaks can increase intracranial pressure (ICP) and compromise the patient's condition. Suctioning should be done with caution and only as needed, allowing for breaks in between to prevent ICP elevation.
D. The new graduate nurse assesses the client's neurologic status every hour. Regular neuro assessments are necessary for patients with head injuries to monitor changes in condition.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The client's head should be turned to the side with the head of the bed elevated 60 degrees. Elevating the head of the bed too high can cause a decrease in venous return, which can increase intracranial pressure.
B. The client's head should be placed on a flat pillow with the foot of the bed higher than the head. This position would not help with reducing intracranial pressure and may worsen it.
C. The client should be placed in dorsal recumbent with the head placed on pillows for comfort. This position does not provide optimal head elevation to decrease intracranial pressure.
D. The head of the bed should be elevated 30 degrees with the head in neutral midline position. A head elevation of 30 degrees with the head in a neutral midline position is ideal for promoting venous drainage from the brain, which helps reduce intracranial pressure.
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