The nurse is caring for a patient with active hepatitis C and recalls that the disease is spread by which route?

Choice A rationale
While liver issues can be a concern with certain medications or diseases, they are not typically associated with GERD. GERD is a digestive disorder that affects the lower esophageal sphincter, the ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach. Therefore, monitoring for liver issues would not be directly relevant to a patient with GERD.
Choice B rationale
Pancreatic cancer is a serious condition, but it is not directly related to GERD. GERD is primarily an issue of the esophagus and stomach, not the pancreas. While it’s always important to be vigilant about potential health issues, there is no specific reason for a patient with GERD to watch for manifestations of pancreatic cancer.
Choice C rationale
While diabetes is a significant health concern, it is not directly linked to GERD. GERD does not increase the risk for diabetes. An endocrinologist specializes in hormonal disorders, including

diabetes, but would not typically be involved in the management of GERD unless there were other co-existing endocrine issues.
Choice D rationale
This is the correct answer. Barrett’s esophagus is a condition that can develop in people who have long-term GERD. It changes the color and composition of the esophagus lining, which can increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Therefore, it is important for patients with long-term GERD symptoms to follow up with a GI specialist for recommended surveillance for Barrett’s esophagus.

Choice A rationale
While chronic exposure to UV rays can cause skin dryness, it does not decrease the water content of the skin20. Skin dryness is more of a symptom rather than a risk factor for skin cancer20.

Choice B rationale
Chronic exposure to UV rays can cause an error in the skin’s genetic code20. This can lead to the development of skin cancer, as the damaged DNA can lead to uncontrolled cell growth20.
Choice C rationale
Increased blood flow to the skin is not a direct result of chronic exposure to UV rays20. While UV rays can cause skin redness and inflammation, these are not directly linked to an increased risk of skin cancer20.
Choice D rationale
Chronic exposure to UV rays does not cause degeneration of elastic fibers in skin tissue20. While UV rays can cause skin aging and wrinkles, these are not direct risk factors for skin cancer20. Diabetic retinopathyDiabetic retinopathy Explore