A patient who underwent gastric surgery is being educated on preventing dumping syndrome. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?

Consume small frequent meals throughout the day.

Lie down immediately after eating to aid digestion.

Include high-carbohydrate foods in every meal.

Drink fluids with meals to aid in digestion.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Consume small frequent meals throughout the day. Small, frequent meals reduce the volume of food entering the small intestine at one time, helping to prevent symptoms of dumping syndrome.

B. Lie down immediately after eating to aid digestion. Although lying down after eating can slow gastric emptying and help prevent dumping syndrome, it does not aid in digestion.

C. Include high-carbohydrate foods in every meal. High-carbohydrate foods are likely to worsen symptoms of dumping syndrome by causing rapid glucose absorption, which leads to a spike in insulin and subsequent hypoglycemia.

D. Drink fluids with meals to aid in digestion. Fluids should be taken between meals rather than with meals to avoid rapid gastric emptying and prevent dumping syndrome.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hypovolemia leading to decreased renal perfusion. Hypovolemia from dehydration and low blood pressure reduces blood flow to the kidneys, resulting in pre-renal AKI, characterized by elevated BUN and creatinine.

B. Acute tubular necrosis. Acute tubular necrosis may cause AKI but is often due to prolonged hypoperfusion, nephrotoxic drugs, or ischemia, not the immediate presentation seen here.

C. Urinary tract obstruction. A urinary tract obstruction leads to post-renal AKI, often with symptoms like flank pain or difficulty urinating, not dehydration and low blood pressure.

D. Chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition and would not cause the acute symptoms or sudden onset of AKI as seen in this patient.

A. Inflammation of the motor cortex leads to decreased coordination and balance B. Degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain leads to motor dysfunction C. A loss of acetylcholine in the brain leads to memory problems and cognitive decline. D. Excess production of dopamine in the basal ganglia leads to tremors and muscle rigidity.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Inflammation of the motor cortex leads to decreased coordination and balance. Parkinson’s disease is not caused by inflammation in the motor cortex; it primarily involves the loss of dopamine-producing neurons.

B. Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain leads to motor dysfunction. Parkinson’s disease is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

C. A loss of acetylcholine in the brain leads to memory problems and cognitive decline. While a loss of acetylcholine is associated with Alzheimer’s disease, it is not the primary issue in Parkinson’s disease.

D. Excess production of dopamine in the basal ganglia leads to tremors and muscle rigidity. In Parkinson’s disease, there is a decrease, not an excess, in dopamine production, which contributes to motor symptoms.

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A patient who underwent gastric surgery is being educated on preventing dumping syndrome. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

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