The nurse is caring for a trauma patient who has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.52, PaCO2 55, HCO3 30 me/L. How will the nurse interpret these results?

Respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation

Metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation

Metabolic alkalosis with no compensation

Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation is characterized by a high pH, low PaCO2, and a compensatory decrease in HCO3. In this case, the pH is high (alkaline), PaCO2 is high, and HCO3 is elevated, indicating that the primary disorder is metabolic alkalosis, not respiratory alkalosis.

Choice B reason: Metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation is indicated by a high pH (alkaline), high HCO3 (bicarbonate), and a high PaCO2 (carbon dioxide) as a compensatory mechanism by the respiratory system. In this case, the pH is 7.52 (alkaline), PaCO2 is 55 mmHg, and HCO3 is 30 mEq/L, which fits the profile of metabolic alkalosis with the respiratory system attempting to compensate by retaining CO2.

Choice C reason: Metabolic alkalosis with no compensation would present with a high pH and high HCO3, but normal PaCO2. In this case, the PaCO2 is elevated, indicating that there is some level of respiratory compensation occurring, which rules out the "no compensation" scenario.

Choice D reason: Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation would present with a low pH, low HCO3, and low PaCO2 as a compensatory mechanism. In this case, the pH is high (alkaline), not low, which is inconsistent with metabolic acidosis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Encouraging the patient to rest in bed for most of the day may lead to further deconditioning and muscle weakness. While rest is important, balancing activity and rest is more beneficial for managing fatigue in chronic anemia.

Choice B reason: Administering a high-protein diet including caffeinated beverages to increase energy levels is not recommended. While a high-protein diet can support energy and muscle strength, caffeine may cause jitteriness and disrupt sleep, which can exacerbate fatigue.

Choice C reason: Assisting the patient with ADLs and encouraging frequent rest periods is appropriate for managing fatigue, weakness, and activity intolerance in chronic anemia. This approach helps the patient conserve energy while maintaining some level of activity to prevent deconditioning.

Choice D reason: Providing supplemental oxygen via face mask during vigorous exercises is not appropriate. Patients with chronic anemia should avoid vigorous exercises that could exacerbate fatigue and weakness. The focus should be on moderate, manageable activities with adequate rest.

A. Increase vitamin D levels with regular sun exposure. B. Utilize an evidence-based smoking cessation program. C. Eliminate all gluten, dairy, and seed oils from the diet. D. Avoid receiving the influenza, COVID, and shingles vaccine.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Increasing vitamin D levels with regular sun exposure may be beneficial for overall health but is not specifically targeted at preventing flares and complications of SLE. SLE patients are often advised to avoid excessive sun exposure as it can trigger flares and exacerbate symptoms.

Choice B reason: Utilizing an evidence-based smoking cessation program is important for SLE patients, as smoking can worsen the symptoms and complications associated with the disease. Smoking has been linked to increased disease activity, higher risk of cardiovascular complications, and reduced effectiveness of certain medications in SLE patients. Quitting smoking can improve overall health outcomes and reduce the risk of flares and complications.

Choice C reason: Eliminating all gluten, dairy, and seed oils from the diet is not universally recommended for SLE patients. While some patients may have specific dietary triggers or intolerances, there is no broad evidence suggesting that such eliminations are necessary for all SLE patients. A balanced, nutritious diet tailored to the individual's needs is more appropriate.

Choice D reason: Avoiding the influenza, COVID, and shingles vaccines is not recommended for SLE patients. In fact, vaccinations can help prevent infections that could trigger SLE flares or complications. It is important for SLE patients to discuss their vaccination schedule with their healthcare provider to ensure they are appropriately protected.

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The nurse is caring for a trauma patient who has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.52, PaCO2 55, HCO3 30 me/L. How will the nurse interpret these results?

Nursing Test Bank

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Explanation

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