The nurse is caring for an older adult client with cranial arteritis. The nurse should understand that this type of headache is caused by which of the following mechanisms?

A. The HgbA1C result of 6.9% is slightly above the recommended target of less than 7% for many people with diabetes. While it may be an improvement compared to higher levels, it indicates that better dietary control (such as managing carbohydrate intake, portion sizes, and meal timing) and possibly more rigorous lifestyle modifications are needed to bring the blood sugar levels within optimal range.
B. While insulin adjustments may be necessary for some individuals, an HgbA1C of 6.9% does not immediately suggest the need for more insulin. The decision to increase insulin depends on the individual’s specific needs, blood glucose patterns, and current treatment plan.
C. An HgbA1C of 6.9% is not an indication that an insulin pump is necessary. Insulin pumps are used for specific situations where more precise insulin delivery is needed or for people who have difficulty managing diabetes with multiple daily injections. The need for an insulin pump is not typically based on a single HgbA1C result.
D. While a result of 6.9% is relatively close to the target goal for many people with diabetes, it is slightly above the ideal target of <7%. This result suggests that while the client’s blood sugar is somewhat controlled, there is room for improvement to achieve optimal control.

A. Unable to perform activities of daily living, requires total care, and unable to recognize family members is characteristic of late stage Alzheimer's disease. In this stage, cognitive decline is severe, and clients lose the ability to communicate effectively, recognize loved ones, and carry out basic tasks without assistance.
B. Repeating questions even after reorientation is more typical of early to moderate stages of Alzheimer’s, when short-term memory is significantly affected but overall function is not yet completely lost.
C. Difficulty finding correct words, known as anomia, usually appears in the early to moderate stages and is not specific to the late stage.
D. Impulsive behavior and poor judgment may occur in moderate stages, but in late-stage Alzheimer’s, clients often become non-verbal and immobile rather than impulsive.