The home health nurse is visiting a client with diabetes mellitus, type 2 who reports nausea and vomiting for the past 3 days and not taking prescribed insulin because of the inability to "keep food down." Which of the following responses would be most appropriate for the nurse to make?

"Continue taking your usual insulin dose even if you have nausea and vomiting."

"Check your blood sugar level twice each day even if you are not eating."

"Avoid drinking soda or fruit juices because it will increase your blood sugar level."

"Limit your daily fluid intake as it may aggravate your nausea and vomiting.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. It is important for the client with diabetes to continue taking their insulin as prescribed, even if they are unable to eat. When the body is under stress (e.g., due to illness), blood sugar levels can rise, and insulin is still necessary to manage glucose levels. Skipping insulin could lead to hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which can be life-threatening. The nurse should encourage the client to continue insulin therapy and consider alternative ways to manage nausea (e.g., antiemetics).
B. While it is important for the client to monitor their blood glucose, checking it twice a day may not be sufficient during illness. The client should check their blood glucose more frequently (e.g., every 4 hours) to avoid the risk of hyperglycemia or DKA, especially if they are not eating or drinking regularly.
C. When a person with diabetes is ill and unable to eat, it is important to ensure they stay hydrated and maintain glucose levels. Clear liquids such as soda or fruit juice may help with hydration and provide a quick source of sugar if the blood glucose drops too low, though they should be consumed in moderation.
D. It is essential for the client to stay hydrated, especially if they are vomiting. Dehydration can worsen blood sugar control and lead to further complications. The client should be encouraged to drink small, frequent sips of water or electrolyte solutions to stay hydrated.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Foot care is crucial for individuals with diabetes due to the increased risk of neuropathy and poor circulation. Daily inspection for cuts, blisters, or other injuries is vital to prevent infections and complications, such as diabetic ulcers or amputations.
B. Heating pads should not be used by people with diabetes, as they may not be able to feel the heat due to diabetic neuropathy. This increases the risk of burns and injury. It is safer to use other methods for warming hands and feet, such as wearing socks or gloves.
C. People with diabetes are at an increased risk for infections, including pneumonia. The pneumonia vaccine (PPSV23 and/or PCV13) is recommended for individuals with diabetes to help reduce the risk of pneumonia. This statement is false.
D. People with diabetes should have regular eye examinations, but they should be scheduled annually, not every 5 years. Diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy, which can cause vision loss if not monitored and treated promptly. Annual eye exams are recommended to detect any changes early.

A. "Chocolate can help decrease stress and prevent headaches." B. "Oral contraceptives are not associated with causing headaches." C. "You should try to maintain a regular sleep pattern." D. "Use bright lighting inside so your eyes do not have to strain."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Chocolate is actually a common trigger for migraines in some people, due to its caffeine content and the presence of other compounds that can provoke migraines. It’s better to avoid chocolate if it is a known trigger.
B. Oral contraceptives can sometimes trigger migraines in women, especially those with a history of migraines. The hormonal fluctuations associated with oral contraceptive use can be a potential trigger for some individuals.
C. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule is an important lifestyle change for migraine prevention. Irregular sleep patterns or poor-quality sleep are common triggers for migraines. A consistent sleep routine helps regulate the body’s circadian rhythms and may help reduce migraine frequency.
D. Bright lighting can actually trigger migraines in some people. It’s better to avoid glare and use softer, dimmer lighting, especially in environments where you spend a lot of time.

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The home health nurse is visiting a client with diabetes mellitus, type 2 who reports nausea and vomiting for the past 3 days and not taking prescribed insulin because of the inability to "keep food down." Which of the following responses would be most appropriate for the nurse to make?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with diabetes mellitus, type 2. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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