The nurse is caring for several clients on a hospital's surgical unit. Which of the following clients are at greatest risk for developing an infection?
A client age 52 who had gall bladder surgery and has osteoarthritis
A client age 18 who had plastic surgery on nose and is overweight
A client age 45 with a fractured wrist and in pain
A client age 78 with Rheumatoid arthritis who had foot surgery and a Foley catheter inserted
The Correct Answer is D
A. While gall bladder surgery carries a risk of infection, having osteoarthritis does not significantly increase the risk compared to other factors listed.
B. Plastic surgery and being overweight may increase the risk of surgical site infections, but age and comorbidities are more significant factors.
C. A fractured wrist may increase the risk of infection at the fracture site, but it is not as significant a risk factor as advanced age and comorbidities.
D. Advanced age, rheumatoid arthritis, foot surgery, and Foley catheter insertion are all factors that increase the risk of infection, making this client the most vulnerable.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Species immunity refers to immunity shared by all members of a species to certain pathogens, which is not the case here.
B. Natural immunity refers to immunity that is acquired naturally, often through exposure to a pathogen such as contracting mumps during childhood.
C. Artificially acquired immunity is acquired through deliberate actions such as vaccination, which does not apply in this scenario.
D. Passive immunity is temporary immunity transferred from one individual to another, such as through maternal antibodies passed to an infant, which does not apply in this case.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Mild exercise like gardening may be suitable for some clients with leukopenia, but it is not a specific precaution related to their immune status.
B. Clients with leukopenia have reduced white blood cell counts, making them more susceptible to infections. Avoiding crowds helps reduce the risk of exposure to infectious agents.
C. Monitoring oral temperature weekly is important for early detection of infection.
However, it should be done more frequently, daily and not weekly.
D. While eating plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables is generally beneficial for overall health, a patient with leukopenia is encouraged to eat cooked foods due to their low immunity.
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