The nurse is checking the range of motion in a patient's knee and knows that the knee is capable of which movement(s)?
Flexion & extension.
Inversion & eversion.
Supination & pronation.
Circumduction & rotation.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
The knee joint, a modified hinge joint, primarily facilitates movement within the sagittal plane. Flexion involves decreasing the angle between the femur and tibia, bending the knee, while extension involves increasing this angle, straightening the knee. These movements are achieved through the coordinated action of muscles like the quadriceps femoris and hamstrings, acting on the condyles of the femur and tibia.
Choice B rationale
Inversion and eversion are movements specific to the ankle and foot. Inversion involves turning the sole of the foot inward, towards the midline of the body, while eversion involves turning the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline. These movements are mediated by the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, not the knee.
Choice C rationale
Supination and pronation are rotatory movements primarily associated with the forearm and hand. Supination involves rotating the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly, while pronation involves rotating it so the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly. These actions are controlled by muscles acting on the radius and ulna, not the knee joint.
Choice D rationale
Circumduction is a complex movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, commonly seen in ball-and-socket joints like the shoulder or hip. Rotation, where a bone pivots around its own longitudinal axis, is also more prominent in these joints. While the knee has minimal rotational capability when flexed, it's not a primary movement.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["180"]
Explanation
Step 1 is: Convert grains to milligrams using the conversion factor 1 grain = 60 mg. 3 gr × 60 mg/gr = 180 mg. Final calculated answer: 180 mg
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Comparison is a broad principle of assessment, but "side-to-side" describes the specific methodical approach for auscultation. While comparison is the underlying goal, the physical act involves moving systematically between corresponding areas. Relying solely on a general comparison without a structured sequence can lead to omissions in assessment.
Choice B rationale
Progressing from anterior to posterior in one continuous sweep can lead to missed areas and a less systematic comparison of lung fields. Effective auscultation necessitates a structured approach that allows for direct comparison of symmetric areas, ensuring that subtle differences in breath sounds or adventitious sounds between sides are accurately identified.
Choice C rationale
The side-to-side method facilitates direct comparison of breath sounds between symmetrical lung fields, which is crucial for identifying unilateral abnormalities. This systematic approach ensures that each segment of the lung is assessed in relation to its contralateral counterpart, allowing for prompt detection of differences in air entry, quality, or presence of adventitious sounds.
Choice D rationale
While auscultating interspace by interspace is part of the technique, the overarching method for comparing sounds and ensuring comprehensive coverage is the side-to-side progression. Auscultating individual interspaces sequentially without direct contralateral comparison reduces the ability to identify subtle unilateral changes in lung sounds effectively.
Choice E rationale
A top-to-bottom approach, without consistent side-to-side comparison, can lead to inefficiencies and potential oversight of localized abnormalities. While auscultation generally proceeds superiorly to inferiorly, the critical aspect is the bilateral comparison at each corresponding level to detect subtle variations in breath sounds and identify pathology accurately.
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