The nurse is conducting physical assessments for a group of children at a local wellness clinic. Which child requires further evaluation?

An eight-year-old child who weighs 60 pounds, rides a bike without training wheels, and is an active swimmer.

A three-year-old child who weighs 28 pounds, requires help with feeding, dislikes most foods, and refuses to drink milk.

A six-month-old who weighs 16 pounds, continues to breastfeed, has started solid foods, and is beginning to crawl.

A four-year-old child who weighs 40 pounds, eats from the same plate every meal, and is occasionally a picky eater.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

An eight-year-old child who weighs 60 pounds, rides a bike without training wheels, and is an active swimmer is showing appropriate developmental milestones for their age. Riding a bike and swimming are complex activities that require good motor coordination and balance. These activities also indicate that the child is physically active, which is beneficial for overall health.

Choice B rationale

A three-year-old child who weighs 28 pounds, requires help with feeding, dislikes most foods, and refuses to drink milk may be showing signs of a feeding disorder or picky eating, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies and impact growth and development. This child requires further evaluation to determine the cause of these feeding difficulties and to develop a plan to address them.

Choice C rationale

A six-month-old who weighs 16 pounds, continues to breastfeed, has started solid foods, and is beginning to crawl is showing appropriate developmental milestones for their age. The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, followed by the introduction of appropriate complementary foods. Crawling is also a typical developmental milestone that usually appears between 6 and 10 months of age.

Choice D rationale

A four-year-old child who weighs 40 pounds, eats from the same plate every meal, and is occasionally a picky eater is within normal behavior for their age. It’s common for

preschoolers to have food preferences and to want routines, such as using the same plate. Picky eating is also a common behavior at this age and usually isn’t a cause for concern unless it leads to nutritional deficiencies or other health problems.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

While it’s true that early recognition of symptoms can help in managing respiratory infections, this is not the primary reason why infants are at increased risk. Infants can be more susceptible to respiratory infections due to physiological factors rather than caregiver awareness.

Choice B rationale

Infants do have smaller airways compared to adults, which can allow for a larger number of organisms to enter. However, the size of the airways is not the main factor that increases the risk of respiratory infections in infants. Other factors, such as the maturity of the immune system and the ability to clear the airways, play a more significant role.

Choice C rationale

Infants’ airways are indeed narrow and can obstruct more easily, trapping organisms. This is one of the main reasons why infants are at an increased risk for respiratory infections. The narrow airways in infants can lead to increased resistance and decreased airflow, making it easier for organisms to invade and cause infections.

Choice D rationale

While it’s true that infants have faster respiratory rates than adults, this does not necessarily increase their risk for respiratory infections. A faster respiratory rate does not inhibit an infant’s ability to cough effectively. In fact, coughing is a protective reflex that can help clear the airways of mucus and foreign particles.

A. “The medication is a bronchodilator, which opens airways.”. B. “The medication will thin the child’s mucus.”. C. “The medication will reduce wheezing.”. D. “The medication will help with coughing and shortness of breath.”. .

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Albuterol is a bronchodilator, which means it relaxes the muscles around the airways, allowing them to open up, or dilate. This makes it easier for air to get in and out of the lungs, and for mucus to be cleared out of the airways.

Choice B rationale

Albuterol does not thin the mucus. Other medications, such as hypertonic saline or dornase alfa, are used in cystic fibrosis to thin the mucus and make it easier to cough up.

Choice C rationale

By opening the airways, albuterol can help reduce wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound that occurs when airways are narrowed.

Choice D rationale

Albuterol can help relieve symptoms of asthma, such as coughing and shortness of breath, by relaxing the muscles of the airways and increasing airflow.

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The nurse is conducting physical assessments for a group of children at a local wellness clinic. Which child requires further evaluation?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The mother of an infant who has been treated for recurrent respiratory infections asks the nurse why infants are at increased risk for respiratory infections.Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a child with asthma who is prescribed to use an albuterol inhaler with a spacer. The parents ask how albuterol helps the child’s breathing.Which of the following responses should the nurse include? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

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The mother of an infant who has been treated for recurrent respiratory infections asks the nurse why infants are at increased risk for respiratory infections.What is the best response by the nurse?

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