A nurse is caring for an infant with a tracheoesophageal fistula who is scheduled for surgery.
What actions should the nurse anticipate taking in the pre-operative and intra-operative period? (Select all that apply)

Choice A rationale

While it’s true that early recognition of symptoms can help in managing respiratory infections, this is not the primary reason why infants are at increased risk. Infants can be more susceptible to respiratory infections due to physiological factors rather than caregiver awareness.

Choice B rationale

Infants do have smaller airways compared to adults, which can allow for a larger number of organisms to enter. However, the size of the airways is not the main factor that increases the risk of respiratory infections in infants. Other factors, such as the maturity of the immune system and the ability to clear the airways, play a more significant role.

Choice C rationale

Infants’ airways are indeed narrow and can obstruct more easily, trapping organisms. This is one of the main reasons why infants are at an increased risk for respiratory infections. The narrow airways in infants can lead to increased resistance and decreased airflow, making it easier for organisms to invade and cause infections.

Choice D rationale

While it’s true that infants have faster respiratory rates than adults, this does not necessarily increase their risk for respiratory infections. A faster respiratory rate does not inhibit an infant’s ability to cough effectively. In fact, coughing is a protective reflex that can help clear the airways of mucus and foreign particles.

Choice A rationale

Catching a bounced ball is a skill that typically develops around the age of 21. However, it’s not uncommon for 1-year-olds to start practicing this skill, especially if they show interest and are physically ready.

Choice B rationale

Jumping rope is a complex activity that requires advanced motor skills, coordination, and timing. These skills are usually not fully developed in a 1-year-old child. Therefore, purchasing a jumping rope for a 1-year-old child indicates a need for further teaching as it is not an age- appropriate activity.

Choice C rationale

Riding a tricycle is a skill that children typically start to develop around the age of 31. However, there are tricycles designed for younger children that come with push handles for parents. If the parents are referring to this type of tricycle and they are always present to supervise and assist, it could be an appropriate activity.

Choice D rationale

Running and playing chase can be great activities for a 1-year-old child. Around this age, many children start to walk independently and may even start to run. Playing chase can help them develop their gross motor skills and is a fun way for them to stay active.