A nurse is caring for an infant with a tracheoesophageal fistula who is scheduled for surgery.
What actions should the nurse anticipate taking in the pre-operative and intra-operative period? (Select all that apply)

Choice A rationale

Providing interdisciplinary care that is comprehensive is a key aspect of patient-centered care and the medical home model. This approach involves a team of healthcare professionals from various disciplines working together to provide comprehensive care. It ensures that all aspects of a patient’s health are considered and addressed, leading to more effective and efficient care.

Choice B rationale

Empowering families to make decisions is an important aspect of patient-centered care, but it is not the key aspect of the medical home model. While patient and family empowerment is crucial for ensuring that care aligns with the patient’s values and preferences, the medical home model’s primary focus is on providing comprehensive, coordinated care.

Choice C rationale

Offering supportive and holistic care approaches to treat the child is an important aspect of patient-centered care, but it is not the key aspect of the medical home model. While these approaches can enhance the quality of care and patient satisfaction, the medical home model’s main focus is on providing comprehensive, coordinated care.

Choice D rationale

Taking responsibility for care when needed is an important aspect of patient-centered care, but it is not the key aspect of the medical home model. While healthcare providers must be ready to take responsibility for care when necessary, the medical home model’s primary focus is on providing comprehensive, coordinated care.

Choice A rationale

Egocentrism is a characteristic of cognitive development typically seen in the preoperational stage (2-7 years), where children believe everyone sees the world as they do. However, expressing sadness about being home alone does not specifically indicate egocentrism.

Choice B rationale

Magical thinking, also a characteristic of the preoperational stage, involves beliefs that thoughts can cause actions. Feeling sad about being home alone could be a manifestation of this, as the child might believe their sadness can change the situation.

Choice C rationale

Centration is the tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others. The child’s statement does not provide evidence of centration.

Choice D rationale

Reversibility, the understanding that actions can be reversed, is a characteristic of the concrete operational stage (7-11 years)14. The child’s statement does not provide evidence of reversibility.