The nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who has a recent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Which of the following should the nurse include in the client’s care plan?

Choice A rationale
Postoperative delirium is a common condition that can occur in older patients after surgery, especially major procedures like hip arthroplasty. It is characterized by a sudden onset of confusion and altered consciousness. This type of delirium is indeed treatable and most patients’ cognition will return to its previous levels. The treatment often involves addressing the underlying causes, such as pain, medication effects, or metabolic imbalances, and providing supportive care. It’s important for the family to understand that this is a temporary condition and does not indicate a permanent change in their loved one’s mental status.
Choice B rationale
While anesthetics can contribute to postoperative delirium, the condition is usually multifactorial and not solely due to the anesthetic used in surgery. Therefore, administering antidotes to the anesthetic is not typically how postoperative delirium is managed. Instead, the focus is on treating the underlying causes and providing supportive care.
Choice C rationale

Delirium does involve a disturbance in cognition, including memory impairment, but it does not involve a progressive decline in memory loss and overall cognitive function. That description is more characteristic of dementia, a different condition. Delirium is typically a temporary condition that improves once the underlying cause is addressed.
Choice D rationale
While postoperative delirium is often self-limiting, meaning it resolves on its own over time, it is not accurate to say there is nothing to worry about. Postoperative delirium can be distressing for the patient and their family, and in some cases, it can be associated with longer hospital stays and increased morbidity. Therefore, it is a condition that should be taken seriously and managed appropriately.

Step 1 is: To calculate the rate at which the IV pump should be set to deliver the PRBCs, we need to divide the total volume of PRBCs by the total time for administration.

Step 2 is: Convert the time for administration from hours to minutes because the rate is typically set in mL/min. So, 3 hours is equivalent to 180 minutes.

Step 3 is: Now, divide the total volume of PRBCs (350 mL) by the total time for administration (180 min). So, the calculation is 350 mL ÷ 180 min.

Step 4 is: The final calculated answer is approximately 1.94 mL/min. However, IV pumps typically only allow whole numbers, so we would round this to 2 mL/min.