The nurse is developing a care plan for a client newly diagnosed with hypertension.
The nurse should include which of the following modifications in the client teaching plan of care?

Restricting sodium intake.

Stressing importance of follow-up and ophthalmic care.

Increasing intake of fruits and vegetables.

Taking prescribed medications as ordered.

Not taking medication when blood pressure is less than 140/90 mmHg.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

Choice A rationale

Restricting sodium intake is essential as high sodium levels can increase fluid retention, leading to elevated blood pressure. A low-sodium diet reduces the workload on blood vessels and decreases the risk of cardiovascular complications associated with hypertension. The recommended sodium intake for adults should be less than 2,300 mg per day, and ideally closer to 1,500 mg daily for optimal blood pressure control.

Choice B rationale

Hypertension can lead to damage to the small blood vessels in the retina, resulting in hypertensive retinopathy. Stressing ophthalmic care ensures early detection and management of vision changes that may be indicative of ongoing vascular damage. Regular ophthalmologic evaluation aids in preventing irreversible vision loss and allows better management of systemic hypertension's effects on ocular health.

Choice C rationale

Increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables provides essential nutrients such as potassium, magnesium, and dietary fiber. Potassium helps counteract the effects of sodium and relaxes blood vessel walls, lowering blood pressure. The DASH diet, rich in fruits and vegetables, is widely recommended for individuals with hypertension to promote cardiovascular health and regulate blood pressure.

Choice D rationale

Taking prescribed medications as ordered ensures consistent management of blood pressure and prevention of complications such as stroke, heart attack, and kidney damage. Antihypertensive medications, including ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or diuretics, work through various mechanisms to lower blood pressure. Adherence prevents fluctuations and maintains target levels of less than 140/90 mmHg.

Choice E rationale

Not taking medication when blood pressure is less than 140/90 mmHg is incorrect because hypertension management requires consistent medication to maintain target levels and prevent rebound hypertension. Abrupt discontinuation can lead to complications such as severe hypertensive episodes and organ damage. Regular monitoring is crucial to guide therapy adjustments safely.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Right and left-sided diastolic failure refers to impairment in ventricular relaxation in both sides of the heart. This prevents proper ventricular filling, leading to decreased cardiac output and congestion in pulmonary and systemic circuits. However, the condition described involves only the right heart, making this option incorrect scientifically.

Choice B rationale

Right-sided systolic and diastolic failure involves impaired right ventricular contraction (systolic) and relaxation (diastolic). Since the scenario specifically focuses on diastolic dysfunction alone due to ventricular thickening, systolic dysfunction is not implicated. Thus, this choice does not align with the clinical presentation given.

Choice C rationale

Right-sided diastolic failure is characterized by thickened ventricular walls (often due to hypertrophy or restrictive cardiomyopathy) that impair ventricular relaxation. This reduces ventricular filling, leading to systemic venous congestion. The described pathology fits this condition, making it the accurate answer according to the description of right-sided heart failure.

Choice D rationale

Right-sided systolic failure occurs when the heart cannot effectively pump blood out of the right ventricle due to weakened contraction. Since the described issue involves diastolic dysfunction from thickened myocardial walls, systolic dysfunction is not a feature here, rendering this option scientifically incorrect. .

A. Medications. B. Negative-pressure devices. C. Penile injections. D. Penis transplant.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Medications, such as phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil), are typically the next line of treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) after lifestyle modifications fail. These agents enhance blood flow to the penile tissues during sexual stimulation by inhibiting the breakdown of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, facilitating erectile function.

Choice B rationale

Negative-pressure devices, also known as vacuum erection devices, are considered third-line treatments and are typically used in clients for whom oral medications are contraindicated or have failed. These devices work by mechanically increasing blood flow to the penis but are less effective than pharmacological interventions.

Choice C rationale

Penile injections, such as alprostadil, are invasive and used as a later option when oral medications and devices are unsuccessful or contraindicated. These injections directly relax the smooth muscle to increase penile blood flow, but they are generally not first-line treatments.

Choice D rationale

Penis transplants are experimental and not recognized as a standard treatment for erectile dysfunction. This option is far from practical or feasible and is considered unsuitable for most clients, especially given the complexity of the condition.

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The nurse is developing a care plan for a client newly diagnosed with hypertension.The nurse should include which of the following modifications in the client teaching plan of care?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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The nurse is developing a care plan for a client newly diagnosed with hypertension.
The nurse should include which of the following modifications in the client teaching plan of care?