The nurse is planning to teach a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about substances to avoid. Which items would the nurse include on this list? (Select all that apply)

Coffee.

Chocolate.

Peppermint.

Nonfat milk.

Fried chicken.

Scrambled eggs.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

Choice A reason: Coffee, caffeinated or decaf, relaxes the esophageal sphincter and irritates the mucosa, worsening GERD. This aligns with dietary restrictions, making it a correct substance the nurse would teach the client to avoid to prevent GERD symptom exacerbation.

Choice B reason: Chocolate contains methylxanthines and fat, relaxing the esophageal sphincter and triggering GERD symptoms. This aligns with GERD dietary guidelines, making it a correct item the nurse would include for the client to avoid to reduce reflux.

Choice C reason: Peppermint relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, increasing acid reflux in GERD. This aligns with dietary teaching, making it a correct substance the nurse would advise the client to avoid to minimize GERD symptom flare-ups effectively.

Choice D reason: Nonfat milk is less likely to trigger GERD, as high-fat dairy worsens reflux. Coffee is a stronger trigger, making this incorrect, as it’s not a primary substance the nurse would include on the GERD avoidance list.

Choice E reason: Fried chicken, high in fat, delays gastric emptying and exacerbates GERD symptoms. This aligns with dietary restrictions, making it a correct item the nurse would teach the client to avoid to prevent GERD symptom exacerbation.

Choice F reason: Scrambled eggs are low-fat and unlikely to trigger GERD compared to chocolate or coffee. This is incorrect, as it’s not a primary substance the nurse would include on the list of items to avoid for GERD management.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Limiting dietary fiber is incorrect for IBS, as soluble fiber helps regulate bowel movements. This indicates a need for further teaching, making it the correct statement, as it contradicts the nurse’s instructions to include fiber for IBS symptom management.

Choice B reason: Drinking 8 to 10 cups of fluid daily supports hydration and bowel function in IBS, showing understanding. This is incorrect, as it aligns with the nurse’s teaching, unlike the fiber limitation statement requiring further client education.

Choice C reason: Eating regular meals and chewing well stabilizes digestion in IBS, reflecting correct understanding. This is incorrect, as it aligns with the nurse’s instructions, unlike the fiber limitation statement that indicates a need for further teaching.

Choice D reason: Taking prescribed medications to regulate bowel patterns is appropriate for IBS management, showing understanding. This is incorrect, as it aligns with the nurse’s teaching, unlike the incorrect fiber limitation statement needing further client instruction.

A. Octreotide. B. Propranolol. C. Lactulose. D. Spironolactone.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Octreotide reduces portal hypertension and bleeding in esophageal varices by constricting splanchnic blood flow. This aligns with acute variceal bleed management, making it the correct medication the nurse would expect to be administered to the actively bleeding client.

Choice B reason: Propranolol prevents variceal bleeding long-term but is not used for active bleeding. Octreotide is acute treatment, making this incorrect, as it’s inappropriate for the nurse’s expectation in managing the client’s immediate esophageal variceal hemorrhage.

Choice C reason: Lactulose treats hepatic encephalopathy, not active variceal bleeding. Octreotide controls acute hemorrhage, making this incorrect, as it’s unrelated to the nurse’s priority of administering a medication to stop the client’s esophageal variceal bleeding in the emergency.

Choice D reason: Spironolactone manages ascites in liver disease, not acute variceal bleeding. Octreotide is the treatment for active bleeding, making this incorrect, as it’s irrelevant to the nurse’s expectation for a medication to control the client’s esophageal variceal hemorrhage.

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The nurse is planning to teach a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about substances to avoid. Which items would the nurse include on this list? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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