The nurse is preparing to hang a bag of 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) for a patient who has hyponatremia. The nurse knows that this type of solution is:

Hypotonic and will move fluid out of the vascular space.

Hypertonic and will move fluid into the vascular space.

Isotonic and will expand the vascular space.

Isotonic and will have no effect on fluid movement.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is an isotonic solution, not a hypotonic one. Isotonic solutions have the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma and do not cause fluid movement across the cell membrane.

Choice B reason:

This is incorrect because 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is an isotonic solution, not a hypertonic one. Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes than blood plasma and cause fluid to move out of the cells and into the vascular space.

Choice C reason:

This is correct because 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is an isotonic solution that will expand the vascular space by adding fluid without changing the concentration of solutes. This is useful for patients with hyponatremia (low sodium level in the blood) who need to restore their fluid and electrolyte balance.

Choice D reason:

This is incorrect because 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is an isotonic solution that will expand the vascular space by adding fluid without changing the concentration of solutes. It will not have no effect on fluid movement, as it will increase the intravascular volume.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Cheese is a good source of calcium, which is essential for bone health and muscle contraction. Calcium also helps regulate the heart rhythm and blood clotting. Cheese can provide about 200 mg of calcium per ounce.

Choice B reason:

Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable that contains goitrogens, which are substances that can interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis and cause or worsen hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can lead to low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is responsible for maintaining calcium balance in the body. Therefore, broccoli should be avoided or limited by clients who have hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism.

Choice C reason:

Almonds are rich in magnesium, which is a mineral that helps regulate calcium absorption and metabolism. Magnesium also plays a role in nerve and muscle function, blood pressure, and blood sugar control. Almonds can provide about 80 mg of magnesium per ounce.

Choice D reason:

Bananas are high in potassium, which is a mineral that can affect the balance of calcium in the body. High levels of potassium can cause hyperkalemia, which can lower the serum calcium level by increasing the renal excretion of calcium and decreasing the release of PTH. Therefore, bananas should be avoided or limited by clients who have hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism.

Choice E reason:

Sardines are a type of oily fish that contain vitamin D, which is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps increase the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D also works with PTH to regulate the bone resorption and formation of calcium. Sardines can provide about 250 IU of vitamin D per 3 ounces.

A. The client reports increased thirst. B. The client's urine output is 250 mL/hr. C. The client's heart rate is 100/min. D. The client's weight is unchanged.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:

The client reports increased thirst. This is not an indication that the medication was effective, because increased thirst can be a sign of dehydration or electrolyte imbalance caused by excessive diuresis. Furosemide can cause loss of water and sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride in the urine.

Choice B reason:

The client's urine output is 250 mL/hr. This is an indication that the medication was effective, because furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and water in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, resulting in increased urine output and decreased fluid volume. A normal urine output is about 30 to 60 mL/hr, so a urine output of 250 mL/hr indicates a significant diuretic effect.

Choice C reason:

The client's heart rate is 100/min. This is not an indication that the medication was effective, because a high heart rate can be a sign of hypovolemia, hypotension, or cardiac stress caused by furosemide. Furosemide can lower the blood pressure and reduce the preload and afterload on the heart, but it can also trigger compensatory mechanisms such as increased sympathetic activity and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, which can increase the heart rate.

Choice D reason:

The client's weight is unchanged. This is not an indication that the medication was effective, because weight loss is expected with furosemide therapy due to fluid removal. Furosemide can cause a rapid and significant reduction in fluid volume, which can be measured by daily weight changes. A weight loss of 1 kg corresponds to a fluid loss of about 1 L.

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The nurse is preparing to hang a bag of 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) for a patient who has hyponatremia. The nurse knows that this type of solution is:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is evaluating a client who has fluid volume overload and received furosemide 40 mg IV bolus 1 hr ago. Which of the following findings indicates that the medication was effective?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has chronic heart failure and is prescribed furosemide, a loop diuretic. Which of the following dietary modifications should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic acidosis due to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Which of the following manifestations should the nurse monitor?

A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic acidosis and is receiving sodium bicarbonate IV bolus and infusion to correct the pH imbalance. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy?

A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is administering albumin to a client who has hypovolemic shock due to hemorrhage. The nurse understands that albumin is which of the following types of solutions?

A nurse is planning care for a client who has hyponatremia and is receiving IV fluid therapy with 3% sodium chloride solution. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan? (Select all that apply.)