The nurse is providing a gentle massage on a painful area of a client's hip. What is the goal of the nurse in providing this intervention?
Release of endorphins and enkephalins
Interrupts pain perception
Keep the pain at a manageable level
Floods the brain with alternative stimuli closes the spinal gate
The Correct Answer is A
A. Release of endorphins and enkephalins: Massage stimulates the release of natural opioids such as endorphins and enkephalins. These neurotransmitters bind to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, helping to reduce pain perception and promote a sense of well-being.
B. Interrupts pain perception: While massage may contribute to distraction, the primary mechanism involves biochemical modulation rather than directly interrupting the perception pathway. Pain perception is complex and multifactorial.
C. Keep the pain at a manageable level: This is a general goal of pain management but not a specific physiological mechanism of massage. It describes the outcome rather than the process by which massage works.
D. Floods the brain with alternative stimuli closes the spinal gate: This describes the gate control theory of pain, which applies more directly to techniques like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) than to massage. Massage can influence gate control but primarily works through neurochemical pathways.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Everything will be fine. Your family is here for you.": This response offers reassurance but does not address or validate the client's specific fears. It may feel dismissive of their emotional distress.
B. "Don't cry: you have the best team of doctors.": Although supportive in intent, this response ignores the client’s emotional expression and can shut down open communication about their fears.
C. "Tell me what concerns you most.": This therapeutic response invites the client to express their feelings and fears openly. It helps build trust and allows the nurse to offer emotional support tailored to the client’s needs.
D. "Would you like something to calm your nerves?": Offering medication may be appropriate later, but it bypasses the opportunity to first explore the client's anxiety through conversation and emotional support.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Increased exposure to industrial pollutants: While environmental factors like industrial pollutants increase the risk of developing lung cancer, they do not directly explain the high mortality rate. Early detection plays a larger role in outcomes.
B. Increase in women smokers: Though smoking among women contributes to rising lung cancer rates, it does not explain why the disease is so deadly. Mortality is more closely tied to late-stage diagnosis.
C. Few early symptoms: Lung cancer often progresses silently with vague or absent symptoms until it reaches an advanced stage. This delay in detection reduces the effectiveness of treatment and contributes significantly to high mortality.
D. Increased incidence among the elderly: Older adults are more likely to develop cancer due to age-related factors, but mortality rates remain high primarily because lung cancer is typically diagnosed late, not just because of age.
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