The nurse is providing care for an elderly client who has cognitive changes. The nurse recognizes that which statement regarding dementia and delirium is true?
Both are accompanied by changes in level of consciousness.
Memory is affected equally in both diseases.
Only delirium is reversible.
The progression of both diseases is slow.
The Correct Answer is C
C. Delirium is often reversible once the underlying cause is identified and treated (e.g., correcting electrolyte imbalances, managing infections, discontinuing medications contributing to delirium). With appropriate intervention, the mental status can improve, and the individual can return to their baseline cognitive function.
A. Dementia, on the other hand, is a chronic, progressive syndrome that primarily affects memory, thinking, behavior, and the ability to perform everyday activities. It does not typically cause acute changes in consciousness.
B. Memory impairment is a hallmark feature of dementia, especially in the early stages. In contrast, delirium primarily affects attention, awareness, and cognition acutely, with memory impairment being variable and not a defining feature.
D. Delirium develops rapidly, often over hours to days, in response to an acute medical condition, medication change, or other factors. It is characterized by a fluctuating course and can resolve once the underlying cause is managed.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","E"]
Explanation
A. Venous ulcers often have irregular wound borders. This is due to the underlying venous hypertension and tissue breakdown, which can lead to irregular shapes of the ulcer.
E. Significant edema, particularly in the lower leg and ankle area (often graded as +2 or +3), is commonly associated with venous ulcers. Venous insufficiency leads to fluid accumulation in the tissues, resulting in edema.
B. This is less likely to be associated with a venous ulcer. Venous ulcers typically occur on the lower leg, particularly around the medial or lateral malleolus, rather than on the plantar aspect of the foot.
C. Severe pain, especially on a scale of 9 out of 10, is less typical of venous ulcers. Venous ulcers are usually associated with mild to moderate discomfort or pain, often described as aching or heaviness rather than severe pain.
D. Venous ulcers typically exhibit moderate to heavy serous drainage. This is due to the chronic inflammation and venous congestion that characterize venous insufficiency.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This principle emphasizes the duty to do no harm. In the case of the client undergoing chemotherapy and experiencing severe side effects that significantly reduce their quality of life, the principle of nonmaleficence comes into question. Chemotherapy, while aimed at treating cancer, often causes substantial side effects that can impact a patient's well-being
BThis principle relates to fairness and equality in the distribution of resources, treatments, and outcomes. In the context of cancer treatment, justice could be considered in terms of ensuring equitable access to chemotherapy and supportive care, regardless of socioeconomic status or other factors.
C Fidelity refers to the duty to be faithful, keep promises, and maintain trust in the patient-nurse relationship. In this context, fidelity would involve the nurse advocating for the client's best interests, including addressing their concerns about the severe side effects of chemotherapy and their impact on quality of life.
D. Autonomy refers to respecting the right of the patient to make their own decisions about their care and treatment. In the context of cancer treatment, autonomy would involve ensuring that the client has sufficient information about their condition, prognosis, treatment options, and potential side effects to make informed decisions. However, autonomy may also be challenged when severe side effects significantly impact the client's ability to maintain their desired quality of life despite ongoing treatment.
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