The nurse is providing client education for a postmenopausal client; which risks associated with estrogen/progestin therapy should the nurse discuss with the client? (Select all that apply.)

a) Antihistamines are generally considered safe during breastfeeding, but this statement does not address the safety during pregnancy.

b) The general recommendation is to avoid unnecessary medication use during pregnancy, including antihistamines, especially during the first trimester.

c) The margin of safety for antihistamines is not universally understood, and caution is advised during pregnancy.

d) While second-generation antihistamines are considered safer than first-generation ones, the safety of any medication during pregnancy should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

A) This is not a risk of estrogen/progestin therapy. In fact, estrogen/progestin therapy can help prevent osteoporosis and fractures by increasing bone density and strength.

B) This is a possible risk of estrogen/progestin therapy. Some studies have suggested that taking estrogen/progestin therapy for more than five years may increase the risk of ovarian cancer. However, other studies have not found this association

C) This is a serious risk of estrogen/progestin therapy. Estrogen/progestin therapy can increase the risk of blood clots, which can lead to stroke or heart attack. The risk is higher for women who smoke, have high blood pressure, diabetes, or a history of cardiovascular disease.

D) This is not a risk of estrogen/progestin therapy. In fact, some studies have suggested that estrogen/progestin therapy may reduce the risk of colon cancer by lowering inflammation and promoting regular bowel movements.

E) This is another serious risk of estrogen/progestin therapy. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg. It can cause pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area. If the clot breaks off and travels to the lungs, it can cause a life threatening condition called pulmonary embolism (PE). Estrogen/progestin therapy can increase the risk of DVT and PE by making the blood more likely to clot