The nurse is providing counseling to a woman who is HIV positive and has just discovered that she is pregnant.
Which anti-HIV drug is given to HIV-infected pregnant women to prevent transmission of the virus to the infant?

Choice A rationale:

Waiting to see if the fever gets worse is not the best course of action. Fever is a symptom that the body is fighting off an infection, and it can cause discomfort in children. However, the main concern with chickenpox and fever is not the fever itself, but the risk of complications from the chickenpox. Therefore, it’s important to manage the fever for the child’s comfort but also monitor for any signs of complications.

Choice B rationale:

Aspirin should not be given to children or teenagers who have chickenpox or flu symptoms before a doctor is consulted about Reye’s Syndrome, a rare but serious illness. Reye’s syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition that has been associated with aspirin use in children and adolescents with viral illnesses, especially chickenpox or influenza.

Choice C rationale:

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) should be used to reduce his fever, not aspirin. This is because of the risk of Reye’s syndrome associated with aspirin use in children and adolescents who have viral illnesses. Acetaminophen is a safe and effective choice for fever reduction in children.

Choice D rationale:

While it’s important to always follow the instructions on the bottle when giving medication, aspirin should not be used in children or teenagers with chickenpox due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome. Therefore, this advice could potentially lead to a dangerous situation.

The question is about calculating the volume of phenytoin oral solution that the nurse should administer per dose. The client is prescribed 250 mg of phenytoin and the available solution has a concentration of 25 mg/5 mL.

Let’s calculate the volume step by step:

Step 1: Identify the prescribed dose and the concentration of the available medication. The prescribed dose is 250 mg and the concentration of the available medication is 25 mg/5 mL.

Step 2: Set up the calculation. We want to find out how many mL correspond to the prescribed dose. We can set up the calculation as follows: (Prescribed dose ÷ Concentration) × Volume.

Step 3: Substitute the known values into the calculation. This gives us: (250 mg ÷ 25 mg/5 mL).

Step 4: Perform the division operation first due to the order of operations (BIDMAS/BODMAS). This gives us: (250 mg ÷ 5 mg/mL).

Step 5: Perform the final calculation. This gives us: 50 mL.

So, the nurse should administer 50 mL of the phenytoin oral solution per dose.

Please note that this calculation assumes that the prescribed dose (250 mg) is to be administered in one go. If the dose is to be split over the day, the volume to be administered would change accordingly.