The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a postpartum patient. Which information will the nurse include when teaching the parent about the difference between pathologic and physiologic jaundice?

Pathologic jaundice appears within 24 hours after birth.

Both are treated with exchange transfusions of maternal O-negative blood.

Physiologic jaundice results in kernicterus.

Physiologic jaundice requires transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Pathologic jaundice is an abnormal condition that typically appears within the first 24 hours of life. It often indicates an underlying health problem and requires prompt medical evaluation and intervention.

Choice B reason: Both pathologic and physiologic jaundice are not treated with exchange transfusions of maternal O-negative blood. Exchange transfusions are only considered in severe cases of jaundice, typically for pathologic jaundice when other treatments are ineffective.

Choice C reason: Physiologic jaundice is a common and usually harmless condition that occurs in many newborns, peaking around the second or third day of life. It does not result in kernicterus, a rare but severe form of brain damage caused by very high levels of bilirubin. Pathologic jaundice, if untreated, may lead to kernicterus.

Choice D reason: Physiologic jaundice generally does not require transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit. It is usually managed with simple interventions, such as phototherapy, and often resolves on its own as the newborn's liver matures and becomes more efficient at processing bilirubin.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: The Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP) vaccine is recommended for infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. It helps protect against three serious bacterial infections: diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.

Choice B reason: The Hepatitis B vaccine is usually administered at birth, 1-2 months, and 6-18 months. The 4-month visit may include this vaccine if it is part of the catch-up schedule or combined with other vaccines.

Choice C reason: The Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is given at 2, 4, and 6-18 months of age to protect against poliovirus, which can cause paralysis and other severe health issues.

Choice D reason: The Pneumococcal 13 Vaccine (PCV13) protects against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria, which can cause serious infections like pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. It is typically given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.

Choice E reason: The Haemophilus Influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine is administered at 2, 4, and 6 months of age to protect against infections caused by Hib bacteria, such as meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis.

A. Walking unaided 15 steps. B. Holding a crayon. C. Copying a circle. D. Speaking 15 words.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Walking unaided is a significant gross motor milestone that may be delayed in a child with chronic lung disease due to decreased physical stamina and energy levels. These children may tire easily, making it more challenging to develop the strength and coordination needed to walk independently. The need for supplemental oxygen can further limit the child's mobility and opportunities for practicing walking.

Choice B reason: Holding a crayon is a fine motor skill that may not be as significantly affected by chronic lung disease. While any serious health condition can impact overall development, fine motor skills like holding a crayon can be practiced in less physically demanding ways, even if the child has reduced stamina.

Choice C reason: Copying a circle is a developmental milestone typically expected later, around 3 years old. At 12 months, a child is not expected to perform this task, so it is not relevant in this context for identifying a delay at this age.

Choice D reason: Speaking 15 words is a language milestone that can be affected by various factors. However, chronic lung disease more directly impacts physical stamina and gross motor skills rather than speech development. While any health issue can influence overall development, speech and language milestones might not be as immediately impacted by chronic lung disease.

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The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a postpartum patient. Which information will the nurse include when teaching the parent about the difference between pathologic and physiologic jaundice?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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