A nurse is caring for a 4-month-old child during a well visit. Which vaccines will the nurse prepare to administer for this child? Select all that apply.

Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)

Hepatitis B

Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)

Pneumococcal 13 Vaccine (PCV13)

Haemophilus Influenzae type B (Hib)

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E

Choice A reason: The Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP) vaccine is recommended for infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. It helps protect against three serious bacterial infections: diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.

Choice B reason: The Hepatitis B vaccine is usually administered at birth, 1-2 months, and 6-18 months. The 4-month visit may include this vaccine if it is part of the catch-up schedule or combined with other vaccines.

Choice C reason: The Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is given at 2, 4, and 6-18 months of age to protect against poliovirus, which can cause paralysis and other severe health issues.

Choice D reason: The Pneumococcal 13 Vaccine (PCV13) protects against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria, which can cause serious infections like pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. It is typically given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.

Choice E reason: The Haemophilus Influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine is administered at 2, 4, and 6 months of age to protect against infections caused by Hib bacteria, such as meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: A colouring book may not be the best choice for a 12-month-old as it requires fine motor skills that are still developing at this age. Additionally, crayons can pose a choking hazard.

Choice B reason: Large building blocks are appropriate for a 12-month-old toddler. They promote gross motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and cognitive development. These blocks are easy to grasp and safe for young children.

Choice C reason: Hanging crib toys are more suitable for younger infants who are not yet mobile. A 12-month-old is likely more interested in interactive and manipulative toys that they can hold and manipulate.

Choice D reason: Modelling clay is not recommended for a 12-month-old due to the potential choking hazard and the fact that the child may try to put it in their mouth.

A. A 6-year-old who has asthma and an oxygen saturation of 94% on room air. B. A 10-year-old who has sickle cell anaemia reporting severe chest pain. C. A 47-year-old who has diabetes insipidus with a urine specific gravity of 1.010. D. A 5-year-old who has respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with a temperature of 102.2°F.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: While an oxygen saturation of 94% is slightly low, it is not an immediate emergency for a child with asthma. This patient can be monitored but does not require the nurse's immediate attention.

Choice B reason: Severe chest pain in a patient with sickle cell anaemia can indicate a serious complication known as acute chest syndrome, which is a medical emergency. This condition requires immediate assessment and intervention to prevent life-threatening complications.

Choice C reason: A urine specific gravity of 1.010 indicates dilute urine, which is typical for a patient with diabetes insipidus. While this condition requires management, it is not an immediate emergency compared to severe chest pain in a sickle cell anaemia patient.

Choice D reason: A fever of 102.2°F in a child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is concerning and requires attention, but it is not as immediately life-threatening as severe chest pain in a sickle cell anaemia patient. This patient can be seen after addressing the more urgent case.

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