The nurse is caring for an infant delivered one minute ago. The infant has no spontaneous respirations, no response to stimulus, is limp, pale, and has a heart rate of 99 beats per minute.

How will the nurse document this infant's APGAR Score?

Enter number only (no units).

The correct order is: b, a, d, c

1. b) Position the patient in a supine position: The first step is to ensure the patient is in a supine position, which is lying on their back. This position provides the best access and visibility for the nurse to assess the fundus effectively. Ensuring the patient is comfortable and relaxed in this position is crucial before beginning the assessment.
2. a) Place one hand on the lower segment of the uterus: The next step involves placing one hand on the lower segment of the uterus. This helps to stabilize the uterus and provides support while the nurse palpates the fundus. It also prevents any excessive movement that could cause discomfort or complications.
3. d) Press at the level of the umbilicus to palpate the fundus: The nurse then presses at the level of the umbilicus (belly button) to palpate the fundus. The fundus is the top portion of the uterus, and assessing its position and firmness provides important information about the postpartum recovery process.
4. c) Gently massage the fundus in a circular motion: Finally, the nurse gently massages the fundus in a circular motion. This action helps to ensure the uterus remains firm and can help in preventing postpartum haemorrhage. If the fundus is not firm, the massage can stimulate uterine contractions to firm it up.

Choice A reason: A folic acid deficiency in the mother's diet during pregnancy is typically associated with neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, rather than causing patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Choice B reason: PDAs are not specifically more common in male newborns. This statement does not accurately reflect the risk factors associated with PDA.

Choice C reason: The statement about a 25% chance of having another baby with PDA is not accurate. While having one child with a heart defect may slightly increase the risk for subsequent children, the exact risk percentage varies and is not typically as high as 25%.

Choice D reason: A family history of heart defects is a known risk factor for PDA. Genetic predisposition can play a role in the occurrence of congenital heart defects, making this the correct answer.