The nurse is reviewing a research study in a peer-reviewed journal and reads this statement: "The Type I error rate was deliberately set at 0.10, rather than the traditional 0.05, because we were willing to take a 10% chance of inadvertently including those clients who would have been able to do a successful return demonstration of the procedure within the group of clients who were identified as being unable to demonstrate the procedure correctly." Which is the correct interpretation of this statement?
The level of significance should have been set higher for a study of this type.
There were fewer than 10% of the clients in the study who were able to demonstrate the procedure correctly.
Type II errors had a 90% chance of occurring throughout this study.
The authors are more willing to falsely predict those who might fail than to falsely predict those who might be successful.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Setting alpha at 0.10 instead of 0.05 is a deliberate choice based on study goals, not necessarily "should have" been higher.
B. The statement refers to the error rate, not the proportion of clients who demonstrated the procedure.
C. Type II error relates to failing to detect a true effect, not directly to alpha level set at 0.10.
D. By setting a higher alpha (0.10), the researchers accept a higher risk of falsely identifying clients as unable (false positives), prioritizing caution in identifying those who may need further teaching.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Asking orthopedic surgeons may provide useful content suggestions but does not help identify previous research studies.
B. Reading full-text articles is useful, but starting with abstracts allows the nurse to efficiently screen many studies to find the most relevant ones.
C. Interviewing clients provides anecdotal evidence rather than identifying existing research.
D. Reviewing research abstracts is the most efficient first step to locate relevant studies, narrow the focus, and determine which full-text articles are worth reading in detail.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. p = .001 indicates a 0.1% chance of the result occurring by chance, which is more stringent than the 1% stated.
B. The findings are not inconclusive since the probability of chance is low (1%).
C. A 1% chance of findings occurring by chance corresponds to p = .01, indicating statistical significance.
D. Saying "99% of the time this finding would be accurate" is a misinterpretation of p-values and should be avoided.
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