The nurse is reviewing newly written prescriptions for a client diagnosed with acute bronchitis. The client has a productive cough with green sputum and shortness of breath. The nurse would question the primary care provider regarding which medication order?

Albuterol nebulizer 2.5 mg q 4 hours

Guaifenesin 1200 mg PO q 12 hours

Methylprednisolone 40 mg IV q 12 hours

Dextromethorphan 60 mg PO q 12 hours

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Albuterol is a bronchodilator that helps to open up the airways, making it easier to breathe. It is commonly used in the treatment of acute bronchitis, especially if the patient is experiencing wheezing or shortness of breath. Albuterol works by relaxing the muscles around the airways, which helps to relieve symptoms of bronchospasm.

Choice B reason: Guaifenesin is an expectorant that helps to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up and clear out. This can be particularly helpful for a patient with a productive cough and green sputum, as it aids in clearing the respiratory passages. Guaifenesin is often used in the management of acute bronchitis to help alleviate symptoms.

Choice C reason: Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid that helps to reduce inflammation in the airways. It can be beneficial in severe cases of acute bronchitis where there is significant inflammation and swelling of the bronchial tubes. Corticosteroids like methylprednisolone are used to decrease the inflammatory response and improve breathing.

Choice D reason: Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant that works by affecting the signals in the brain that trigger the cough reflex. However, in the case of acute bronchitis with a productive cough, suppressing the cough can be counterproductive. The goal is to clear the mucus from the airways, and suppressing the cough can lead to mucus retention and potentially worsen the condition. Therefore, the use of a cough suppressant like dextromethorphan is not recommended in this scenario.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

A sputum culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the definitive test for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). This test involves collecting a sputum sample and culturing it to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that cause TB. It is considered the gold standard for confirming active TB infection.

Choice B reason:

The Tuberculin (PPD) skin test, also known as the Mantoux test, is used to screen for TB infection. It can indicate whether a person has been exposed to TB bacteria, but it cannot confirm active TB disease. A positive result requires further testing, such as a sputum culture, to confirm the diagnosis.

Choice C reason:

An acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear is a quick test that can detect the presence of mycobacteria in a sputum sample. While it can provide a preliminary indication of TB, it is not definitive. A positive AFB smear must be followed by a sputum culture to confirm the diagnosis.

Choice D reason:

A chest X-ray can show abnormalities in the lungs that are suggestive of TB, such as cavities or infiltrates. However, it cannot confirm the diagnosis on its own. Chest X-rays are used in conjunction with other tests, such as sputum culture and AFB smear, to diagnose TB.

Correct Answer is ["9.0"]

Explanation

Calculation and Answer

Step 1: Determine the total dose required per administration.

Dose required = 0.5 mg/kg × 90 kg
Dose required = 45 mg

Step 2: Determine the concentration of the drug.

Concentration = 25 mg per 5 mL

Step 3: Calculate the volume needed to administer the required dose.

Volume (mL) = Dose required ÷ Concentration
Volume (mL) = 45 mg ÷ (25 mg ÷ 5 mL)
Volume (mL) = 45 mg ÷ 5 mg/mL
Volume (mL) = 9 mL

The client will receive 9.0 mL per dose.

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The nurse is reviewing newly written prescriptions for a client diagnosed with acute bronchitis. The client has a productive cough with green sputum and shortness of breath. The nurse would question the primary care provider regarding which medication order?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse recognizes which of the following tests will confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis for a client?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["9.0"]

Explanation

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