The nurse is reviewing the development of the newborn infant. Regarding the sinuses, which statement is true in relation to a newborn infant?

Maxillary sinuses reach full size after puberty.

Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are the only sinuses present at birth.

Frontal sinuses are fairly well developed at birth.

Sphenoid sinuses are full size at birth.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Maxillary sinuses reach full size after puberty: While maxillary sinuses continue to grow throughout childhood, they are present at birth and reach adult size during late adolescence. The frontal and sphenoid sinuses, rather than the maxillary, experience more significant postnatal development.

B. Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are the only sinuses present at birth: At birth, only the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are developed. The frontal and sphenoid sinuses begin to develop later in infancy and childhood, with full maturation occurring in adolescence.

C. Frontal sinuses are fairly well developed at birth: Frontal sinuses do not develop until around 7 to 8 years of age and continue growing into adolescence. They are absent or rudimentary in newborns.

D. Sphenoid sinuses are full size at birth: The sphenoid sinuses begin developing around 2 to 3 years of age and continue growing into late childhood and adolescence. They are not present at birth.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Rubella: Rubella is a viral infection caused by the rubella virus, not a complication of untreated strep throat. It is unrelated to Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection and is prevented through vaccination.

B. Leukoplakia: Leukoplakia is a condition characterized by white patches on the mucous membranes, often associated with chronic irritation or tobacco use. It is not a complication of streptococcal pharyngitis.

C. Rheumatic fever: Untreated streptococcal throat infections caused by Group A Streptococcus can lead to rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease affecting the heart, joints, skin, and brain. This autoimmune response can result in rheumatic heart disease, which may cause permanent cardiac damage.

D. Scarlet fever: While scarlet fever can develop from strep throat, it is not a long-term complication but rather an acute reaction to the streptococcal toxin. The more serious complication of untreated strep throat is rheumatic fever, which can have lasting consequences, particularly for the heart.

A. Clumped B. Unilateral C. Soft and nontender D. Firm, tender, but freely movable

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Clumped: Clumped lymph nodes are more commonly seen in chronic infections such as tuberculosis or metastatic malignancies, where lymph nodes may fuse together due to prolonged immune stimulation or infiltration by cancerous cells. In acute infections, lymph nodes tend to be more discrete rather than clumped.

B. Unilateral: Lymphadenopathy in acute infections can be either unilateral or bilateral, depending on the site and extent of the infection. While localized bacterial infections may cause unilateral lymph node enlargement, systemic infections such as viral illnesses frequently lead to bilateral lymphadenopathy.

C. Soft and nontender: Normal lymph nodes are small, soft, and nonpalpable or slightly palpable without tenderness. In an acute infection, inflammatory processes lead to lymph node enlargement, making them firm and tender rather than soft and nontender. Soft, painless lymph nodes are more often associated with normal findings or slow-growing malignancies such as lymphomas.

D. Firm, tender, but freely movable: In acute infections, lymph nodes become enlarged, firm, and tender due to inflammatory immune responses against invading pathogens. Despite their enlargement, they remain freely movable because the surrounding tissue is not invaded or fibrotic, unlike in malignancies where nodes may be fixed due to tumor infiltration or fibrosis. The tenderness results from stretching of the lymph node capsule due to rapid immune cell proliferation and increased fluid accumulation.

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The nurse is reviewing the development of the newborn infant. Regarding the sinuses, which statement is true in relation to a newborn infant?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has been diagnosed with strep throat. The nurse is aware that without treatment, which complication may occur?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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