What is the primary purpose of the ciliated mucous membrane in the nose?
To facilitate the movement of air through the nares
To filter coarse particles from inhaled air
To filter out odors
To warm the inhaled air
The Correct Answer is B
A. To facilitate the movement of air through the nares: While the ciliated mucous membrane does help in the overall functioning of the nasal passages, its primary role is not to facilitate air movement but to filter and trap particles.
B. To filter coarse particles from inhaled air: The primary purpose of the ciliated mucous membrane in the nose is to trap and filter out coarse particles, such as dust, pollen, and microbes, from inhaled air. The cilia beat in a coordinated manner to move mucus and trapped particles towards the throat, where they can be swallowed or expelled, helping to keep the airways clear and protect the respiratory system.
C. To filter out odors: While the nasal cavity does play a role in detecting odors through the olfactory receptors located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, the ciliated mucous membrane itself is not primarily responsible for filtering odors.
D. To warm the inhaled air: The nasal passages do help warm inhaled air as it passes through, but this is more a function of the rich blood supply and the large surface area of the nasal cavity rather than the role of the ciliated mucous membrane specifically. The primary action of the ciliated mucous membrane is focused on filtering particles from the air.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. II: The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) is responsible for vision, including visual acuity and the afferent limb of the pupillary reflex. Damage to this nerve causes vision loss or visual field defects but does not affect eye movement or positioning.
B. VI: The abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) innervates the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye. Damage to this nerve results in an inability to move the eye laterally, leading to horizontal diplopia, but it does not cause a "down and out" eye position.
C. III: The oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) controls most of the extraocular muscles, including the superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles, as well as the inferior oblique. It also controls the levator palpebrae superioris and the parasympathetic fibers responsible for pupillary constriction. Damage to cranial nerve III results in ptosis, a "down and out" eye position due to unopposed action of the lateral rectus (cranial nerve VI) and superior oblique (cranial nerve IV), and potentially a dilated pupil.
D. IV: The trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV) innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses and internally rotates the eye. Damage to this nerve typically causes vertical diplopia and difficulty looking downward, especially when reading or descending stairs, but it does not cause a "down and out" eye position at rest.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Is impaired in a patient with cataracts: Cataracts primarily cause lens opacity, leading to blurry vision and reduced acuity. They do not directly affect extraocular muscle function, which is controlled by cranial nerves rather than the lens.
B. Is always decreased in the older adult: Aging can cause minor changes in eye movement speed and coordination, but significant impairment is not inevitable. Extraocular muscle function remains intact unless affected by neurological conditions such as cranial nerve palsy.
C. Is stimulated by cranial nerves (CNS) I and II: Cranial nerve I (olfactory) is responsible for smell, and cranial nerve II (optic) transmits visual signals to the brain. Neither nerve controls eye movement, which is instead governed by different cranial nerves.
D. Is stimulated by cranial nerves III, IV, and VI: The oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), and abducens (VI) nerves control extraocular muscle movement. They coordinate eye positioning, alignment, and smooth tracking, ensuring proper function of the visual system.
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