The nurse is reviewing the function of the cranial nerves (CNS). Which CN is responsible for conducting nerve impulses to the brain for hearing?

VIII

VII

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. VIII: Cranial nerve VIII, also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve, is responsible for transmitting auditory information from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain, allowing for the perception of sound. It also plays a role in balance by carrying information from the vestibular apparatus regarding head position and movement.

B. VI: Cranial nerve VI, the abducens nerve, controls the lateral rectus muscle, which is responsible for outward eye movement. It does not have any function related to hearing.

C. V: Cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve, is primarily responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. It does not conduct nerve impulses related to hearing.

D. VII: Cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve, controls muscles of facial expression and carries taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. While it has some minor roles in the auditory system (such as innervating the stapedius muscle), it is not primarily responsible for conducting nerve impulses related to hearing.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Maxillary sinuses reach full size after puberty: While maxillary sinuses continue to grow throughout childhood, they are present at birth and reach adult size during late adolescence. The frontal and sphenoid sinuses, rather than the maxillary, experience more significant postnatal development.

B. Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are the only sinuses present at birth: At birth, only the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are developed. The frontal and sphenoid sinuses begin to develop later in infancy and childhood, with full maturation occurring in adolescence.

C. Frontal sinuses are fairly well developed at birth: Frontal sinuses do not develop until around 7 to 8 years of age and continue growing into adolescence. They are absent or rudimentary in newborns.

D. Sphenoid sinuses are full size at birth: The sphenoid sinuses begin developing around 2 to 3 years of age and continue growing into late childhood and adolescence. They are not present at birth.

A. Anteroposterior-to-transverse diameter ratio of 1:1 B. Unequal chest expansion C. Atrophied neck and trapezius muscles D. Increased tactile fremitus

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Anteroposterior-to-transverse diameter ratio of 1:1: In COPD, chronic air trapping leads to hyperinflation of the lungs, causing a "barrel chest" appearance where the anteroposterior (AP) diameter approaches or equals the transverse diameter (1:1 ratio). This is a hallmark physical finding in advanced stages of the disease.

B. Unequal chest expansion: COPD causes diffuse rather than localized lung pathology, leading to generally reduced but symmetrical chest expansion. Unequal expansion is more characteristic of conditions like pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or unilateral lung consolidation.

C. Atrophied neck and trapezius muscles: Patients with COPD often develop hypertrophy of the neck and accessory muscles due to chronic respiratory effort, not atrophy. These muscles become more prominent as they assist with breathing, especially during exacerbations.

D. Increased tactile fremitus: Fremitus is the vibration felt on the chest wall when a patient speaks. In COPD, hyperinflation and air trapping decrease lung density, leading to reduced tactile fremitus. Increased fremitus is typically found in conditions with lung consolidation, such as pneumonia.

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The nurse is reviewing the function of the cranial nerves (CNS). Which CN is responsible for conducting nerve impulses to the brain for hearing?

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