The nurse is taking a health history for a patient who is ill in the emergency room. The patient states that he has not been around anyone that has been sick lately. The nurse suspects the patient likely contracted the illness by indirect transmission. Which is an example of this type of transmission?
Utilizing a friend's computer keyboard.
Talking directly to someone coughing.
Standing next to a person with a varicella (chickenpox) infection.
Walking past an individual coughing and sneezing.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Utilizing a friend's computer keyboard: Indirect transmission occurs when pathogens are transmitted via inanimate objects, such as keyboards, doorknobs, or utensils. If the friend's computer keyboard is contaminated with pathogens, the patient could contract an illness by touching it.
B. Talking directly to someone coughing: This is an example of direct transmission, where pathogens are transmitted through close contact with an infected person's respiratory secretions.
C. Standing next to a person with a varicella (chickenpox) infection: This is an example of direct transmission, as varicella is spread through respiratory droplets.
D. Walking past an individual coughing and sneezing: This is also an example of direct transmission, as respiratory droplets containing pathogens can land on the nurse and lead to infection if inhaled or touched.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Antibiotic dosages below the minimum concentration are prescribed: This statement is inaccurate. MRSA infections typically require higher than normal doses of antibiotics due to their resistance. Prescribing below the minimum concentration would likely be ineffective.
B. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used whenever possible: While broad-spectrum antibiotics may cover a wide range of bacteria, they are not always the best choice for treating MRSA.
Targeted antibiotics effective against MRSA are preferred to minimize the risk of further antibiotic resistance.
C. Antibiotics are prescribed only when a viral infection is present: MRSA is a bacterial infection, not viral. Antibiotics are indicated for bacterial infections like MRSA but not for viral infections.
D. Infections become resistant to high doses of antibiotics: This statement is accurate. MRSA is resistant to many common antibiotics, and overuse or inappropriate use of antibiotics can contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains. High doses of antibiotics may not be effective against MRSA, as the bacteria have developed mechanisms to resist their action.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Normal white blood cell count: In wound sepsis, the white blood cell count is typically elevated as part of the body's immune response to infection, not normal.
B. Fever and chills: Fever (hyperthermia) and chills are common signs of systemic infection, including wound sepsis. They indicate an inflammatory response and activation of the body's defense mechanisms.
C. Decreased pain at the wound site: Increased pain at the wound site is more commonly associated with wound infection, not decreased pain.
D. Redness and swelling: Redness (erythema) and swelling (edema) are local signs of inflammation and can be present in infected wounds, but they are not specific to wound sepsis and may occur in non-infected wounds as well.
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