The nurse is teaching a patient, newly diagnosed with primary hypertension, about the recommended blood pressure range needed to prevent organ damage. Which range, chosen by patient, indicates that the teaching was successful?

A. Pedal edema: Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, can cause peripheral edema as a side effect due to its vasodilatory effects on arterioles. This can manifest as swelling, particularly in the feet and ankles.

B. Muscle cramps: Muscle cramps are a known side effect of amlodipine. While the mechanism is not fully understood, calcium channel blockers like amlodipine can disrupt calcium ion flux in muscle cells, potentially leading to muscle cramping.

C. Dizziness: Dizziness is a common side effect of amlodipine, particularly during the initial period of treatment or when dosage adjustments are made. It is believed to be related to its vasodilatory effects and subsequent lowering of blood pressure.

D. Sexual dysfunction: Sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction, has been reported as a side effect of amlodipine in some patients. The exact mechanism is not well understood but may be related to alterations in blood flow or neurohormonal effects.

E. Bradycardia: Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not a typical side effect of amlodipine. Amlodipine primarily acts as a vasodilator and does not typically affect heart rate. In fact, it may cause reflex tachycardia (increased heart rate) in some individuals as a compensatory response to its vasodilatory effects.

A. Following proper handwashing and use of masks: While handwashing and wearing masks are important infection control measures, they are not specific to preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. While HBV can be present in blood and certain body fluids, such as semen and vaginal fluids, the primary modes of transmission are through activities that involve percutaneous or mucosal exposure to infected blood or body fluids, such as unprotected sex, sharing needles, or accidental needlesticks. While hand hygiene and mask use are crucial in healthcare settings to prevent the transmission of various infections, including HBV, they may not offer sufficient protection against HBV transmission in all situations.

B. Avoiding chemicals that are toxic and polluted air: While avoiding toxic chemicals and polluted air is important for overall health and may support liver health indirectly, it is not directly related to preventing HBV infection. HBV is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood or body fluids rather than environmental factors such as air pollution or exposure to toxic chemicals.

C. Public health education and vaccination: This is the most appropriate measure for preventing HBV infection. Public health education plays a crucial role in raising awareness about the risks of HBV transmission and promoting behaviors that reduce the risk of exposure, such as safe sex practices, avoiding sharing needles, and seeking medical care for potential exposures. Additionally, vaccination against HBV is highly effective in preventing infection and is recommended for all individuals, particularly those at increased risk of exposure, such as healthcare workers, people with multiple sexual partners, and individuals who inject drugs. Vaccination not only protects vaccinated individuals but also contributes to herd immunity, reducing the overall prevalence of HBV in the population.

D. Limiting alcohol intake of red and white wine: While limiting alcohol intake is important for liver health, particularly in individuals with liver disease, it is not specifically aimed at preventing HBV infection. Excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to liver damage and may exacerbate liver disease in individuals infected with HBV. However, it does not directly address the risk of HBV transmission.